温室蓄热微胶囊相变材料制备筛选与性能表征
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“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD08B020107)和北京市自然科学基金项目(3132026)


Preparation and Characterization of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Greenhouse Application
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    摘要:

    为实现日光温室相变集热,研制可用于制备潜热型功能热流体的微胶囊相变材料,以硬脂酸丁酯、相变石蜡为芯材,蜜胺树脂、聚脲树脂和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壁材制备了3种不同壁材相变微胶囊进行实验,并通过红外光谱分析、电镜扫描、热失重和热效应测试等对制得的微胶囊相变材料的理化性质进行了表征。结果证明,3种壁材微胶囊相变材料中,蜜胺树脂微胶囊的成球效果最佳:颗粒囊壁光滑致密;胶囊粒径在1μm左右,分布集中均匀,胶囊团粒平均粒径为75.15μm;微胶囊颗粒耐热温度大于100℃,满足温室应用要求;热失重剩余率超过50%,远大于聚脲树脂微胶囊和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微胶囊,热稳定性相对较高。因此,蜜胺树脂壁材的微胶囊可以作为制备相变微胶囊悬浮液的材料,日光温室集热系统中利用其作为液态换热介质进行太阳能辐射热的收集、输送与释放是可行的。

    Abstract:

    Among the phase change material microencapsulation process,In Situ Polymerization,Interfacial Polymerization, and other polymerization method are more commonly used in small scale laboratory chemical preparation. In the process of In Situ Polymerization, wall materials of monomer or prepolymer and the catalyst need soluble in the continuous phase, while Interfacial Polymerization reaction requires two kinds of wall material monomers dissolving in immiscible dispersed phase and a continuous phase respectively. Characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material include its apparent morphology, thermal properties of the core material, particle size distribution, toughness and thickness of wall materials and other factors. Selection of core materials in microencapsulation mainly considers their phase transition temperature and ambient temperature of applications, and the screening of wall materials mainly observed their balling effect, chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength, etc. Latent functionally thermal fluid means when microencapsulated phase change material powder is added in a singlephase heat transfer fluid, a stable suspension of solidliquid twophase fluid is made, namely phasechange microcapsule suspension. In order to develop a proper kind of microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) which can be applied in greenhouse heat storage, three different kinds of MEPCMs were prepared, with butyl stearate, No. 30 paraffin and their mixture as the core materials respectively, melamine resin and polyurea resin and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as wall materials respectively. The property characterization analysis demonstrated that melamine resin microcapsule performed the best: the particle sac wall was smooth and tight; the particle size distribution was uniform and concentrated at about 1μm, and the average diameter of microcapsule granules was 75.15μm; the heat resistant temperature was higher than 100℃, meeting the demands of solar greenhouse application; the thermal gravimetric surplus rate of the microcapsules was more than 50%, far larger than that of the other two kinds of polyurea resin and polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules, namely with relatively higher thermostability. Therefore, the melamine resin can be used as suitable wall material of microcapsules for preparing microencapsulated phase change material suspensions which can be utilized as liquid medium for solar heat collection, conveyance and release in greenhouses.

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王宇欣,刘爽,王平智,时光营.温室蓄热微胶囊相变材料制备筛选与性能表征[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):348-358.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-09-10