张乐涛,李占斌,肖俊波,王杉杉.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域不同洪水类型侵蚀输沙效应[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):109-116.
Zhang Letao,Li Zhanbin,Xiao Junbo,Wang Shanshan.Effects of Different Flood Regimes on Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport in Typical Small Watershed of Loess Hilly-Gully Region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):109-116.
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黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域不同洪水类型侵蚀输沙效应   [下载全文]
Effects of Different Flood Regimes on Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport in Typical Small Watershed of Loess Hilly-Gully Region   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2015-12-09  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.08.015
中文关键词:  洪水类型  小流域  侵蚀产沙  径流调控
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330858)
作者单位
张乐涛 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 
李占斌 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
西安理工大学 
肖俊波 西北农林科技大学 
王杉杉 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 
中文摘要:不同降雨-径流格局下的土壤侵蚀响应是土壤侵蚀规律研究中的基本关系之一,以黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域岔巴沟的一级支沟蛇家沟为例,分析了不同洪水类型驱动下的小流域侵蚀输沙过程。以蛇家沟水文站1961—1969年记录的45次洪水事件为数据基础,选取洪水历时、次洪水径流深和洪峰流量作为洪水径流过程的特征指标,运用K均值聚类和判别分析相结合的方法,将全部洪水事件划分为3种类型。其中,A型洪水具有短历时、小径流、低变率和中洪峰的特点,是最为普遍的类型。B型洪水具有中历时、中径流、中变率和小洪峰的特点,发生频率居中。C型洪水具有长历时、大径流、高变率、大洪峰的特点,发生频率最低。洪水历时是决定洪水类型的主要因素。不同洪水类型下的输沙模数、平均含沙量及最大含沙量由大到小依次分别为:C、B、A;C、A、B;C、A、B;但其差异并不显著(P>0.1)。蛇家沟小流域的水沙关系趋于稳定,径流含沙量的变化可用流量的对数函数进行描述。在径流量保持一致的情况下,不同洪水类型驱动下的输沙模数相对大小(A∶B∶C)为1∶0.93∶1.22。当洪水历时延长1.7倍时,其增沙作用达到极大值,输沙模数最大增幅为22%。研究结果可为流域洪水类型划分、全面科学评估径流调控及利用的水土保持效益提供有益参考。
Zhang Letao  Li Zhanbin  Xiao Junbo  Wang Shanshan
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources;Xi’an University of Technology,Northwest A&F University and Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources
Key Words:flood regime  small watershed  soil erosion and sediment yield  runoff regulation
Abstract:Soil erosion responses under different rainfall and runoff patterns are fundamentals for the studies of soil erosion mechanisms. To investigate the influence of flood regimes on soil erosion and sediment yield at small watershed scale, a typical small watershed—Shejiagou catchment was selected to conduct data collection and analysis, and Shejiagou is a first order tributary of Chabagou drainage basin lying in the hilly and gully region of Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on 45 individual flood events recorded at Shejiagou Hydrological Station during 1961 to 1969, all the flood events were categorized into three regimes through a combined approach of K-mean clustering and discriminant analysis with three grouping variables, including flood duration, event flood runoff depth and peak discharge. Regime A was characterized by short duration, small flood runoff depth, low flood variability and medium peak discharge, which was the most common regime. Regime B was featured with medium duration, medium flood runoff depth, medium flood variability and small peak discharge, which was of medium frequency. Regime C mainly included flood events of long duration, large runoff depth, high variability, as well as large peak discharge, which was of the lowest frequency. The regime of flood events was mainly controlled by flood duration at the studied scale. Area-specific sediment yield, mean suspended sediment concentration and maximum suspended sediment concentration driven by different flood regimes can be ranked in the order of C>B>A, C>A>B, C>A>B, respectively. However, no significant difference was found among the three flood regimes for the variables examined (P>0.1). The runoff-sediment relationship was relatively constant at Shejiagou watershed, the variations in suspended sediment concentration can be well described by the logarithmic function of instantaneous discharge. The sediment output at watershed outlet was mainly controlled by event-based total flood runoff. Given that event flood runoff depth was kept constant, the ratio of area-specific sediment yield driven by different flood regimes (A∶B∶C) was 1∶0.93∶1.22. If the flood duration was increased by 1.7 times, the flood regime-based increase for sediment yield reached the maximum, and the maximum increase rate for area-specific sediment yield was 22%. The results may provide beneficial evidence for categorization of individual flood events, and overall rational-based evaluation on the soil and water conservation benefits brought by runoff regulation systems at watershed scale.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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