Aiming at the problems of small amount but large varieties in peanut, low efficiency of artificial shells, high damage rate and low shelling rate of mechanical shelling in peanut breeding research, a shelling scheme which has threelevel rotary and singlerow threeroll parallel shelling was proposed based on physical and mechanical properties of typical peanut research. The critical components of shelling drum, rotation rod, transmission system were designed, and the peanut sheller prototype was developed. Shelling drum was composed of three subrollers which are sidebyside on the same axis, it was able to adjust the distance from the concave screen, and increase or decrease the number of rods. Pneumatic cleaning device was composed of centrifugal fans. Three parameters, including drum rotating speed, hulling interval and hitting times of rods, were selected as experimental factors, the peanut shelling rate and peanut broken injury rate were selected as experimental indexes. Experimental results indicated that drum rotating speed, hulling interval and hitting times of rods all had influence on peanut shelling rate and peanut broken injure rate. The optimum combination indexes were: drum rotating speed of 350r/min, hulling interval of 20mm and hitting times of rods of 3. The peanut shelling rate was 99.15% and the peanut broken injury rate was 2.3%. The research results can provide a reference for the development of peanut seed sheller.