Nowadays, plunger pumps are being developed in the direction of high pressure and large flow. Therefore, the friction pairs in the pump adhesive wear and burn phenomenon has become increasingly serious. To solve these problems, the dynamic performance of the pump and lubrication characteristics were improved, the structure was optimized and high wear-resistant materials were used by most researchers. However, the wear problems were not solved fundamentally. In order to solve the wear problems of swash plate piston pump fundamentally, a new type of axial piston pump was proposed. The swash plate was replaced by double curve-face gear, the friction pairs were replaced by gears. By using the transmission principle of curve-face gear pair, the movement characteristics models of the piston pump, the single piston and six pistons of double curve-face gear were established, and the movement law of the piston was obtained. In order to verify the accuracy of the above theory, the motion simulation analysis and theoretical simulation results were compared and analyzed. By using the virtual prototype of ADAMS, the simulation model of movement characteristics of piston pump was established, and the piston movement feasibility of the new piston pump was validated. The piston movement characteristics of piston pump were tested by using the test-bed and the result was obtained. The comparison between test and theoretical results indicated that the test result was basically agree with the theoretical result, and the relative error between test and theoretical results was within 5%，the correctness of theoretical movement characteristics model of piston pump was testified. This experimental results showed that the flow pulsation performance of the piston pump can be better than the current level when the structural parameters were fully optimized.