冯浩,刘晓青,左亿球,余坤.砾石覆盖量对农田水分与作物耗水特征的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):155-163.
Feng Hao,Liu Xiaoqing,Zuo Yiqiu,Yu Kun.Effect of Gravel Mulching Degree on Farmland Moisture and Water Consumption Features of Crops[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):155-163.
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砾石覆盖量对农田水分与作物耗水特征的影响   [下载全文]
Effect of Gravel Mulching Degree on Farmland Moisture and Water Consumption Features of Crops   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2015-10-20  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.021
中文关键词:  轮作  砾石覆盖  农田水分  耗水系数  水分利用效率  作物产量
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(SS2013AA100904)和西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项(QN2009087)
作者单位
冯浩 西北农林科技大学 
刘晓青 西北农林科技大学 
左亿球 西北农林科技大学 
余坤 西北农林科技大学 
中文摘要:通过大田试验,研究夏玉米-冬小麦轮作条件下砾石覆盖量对土壤水分动态、作物耗水特征、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,砾石覆盖量的增加提高了土壤对降水的保蓄能力,且主要体现在0~40cm土层,100~200cm土壤贮水量变化不明显。在夏玉米-冬小麦各生育期,砾石覆盖措施提高土壤贮水量主要体现在作物苗期和拔节期,其中,S8(砾石覆盖量8kg/m2)处理提高土壤贮水量效果最好,较无覆盖处理(CK)分别增加12。77%和6。63%。作物耗水系数随着砾石覆盖量的增加而减小。砾石覆盖夏玉米、冬小麦WUE和PUE分别较CK处理最大提高了33.05%、26.65%和12.68%、20.00%,差异显著。此外,作物经济产量和生物产量得到显著提高,夏玉米生长季,各处理其经济产量和生物产量分别较CK处理提高了4.45%~26.66%和5.81%~25.78%,冬小麦生长季,其经济产量和生物产量分别较CK处理提高了2.06%~15.34%和2.32%~26.49%。
Feng Hao  Liu Xiaoqing  Zuo Yiqiu  Yu Kun
Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University and Northwest A&F University
Key Words:crop rotation  gravel mulching  farmland moisture  water consumption coefficient  water use efficiency  crop yield
Abstract:Field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of gravel mulching degree on soil moisture dynamics, water consumption characteristic, crop yields and water use efficiency in the whole growth period of summer maize and winter wheat in the crops rotation. The results showed that gravel mulching can hold soil water storage and suppress evaporation, the increase of gravel mulching degree could improve soil storage ability for precipitation and irrigation, compared with CK, and the water storage capacity is mainly reflected in the 0~40cm soil layer, followed by the 40~100cm soil layer water storage, 100~200cm soil water storage did not change obviously. The gravel mulching improving soil water storage ability was observed mainly at seedling stage of summer maize and jointing stage of winter wheat in the crops rotation system, and the gravel mulching degree of 8kg/m2 increased the soil water storage by 12.77% and 6.63% compared with CK respectively, and the effects was weakened because of the increased canopy and rainfall. The total water consumption was decreased during growing period approximately,and the water consumption coefficient was decreased with gravel mulching degree in the crops rotation systems. The water consumption percentage in each stage was increased with the increase of gravel mulching degree besides the period before jointing. Gravel mulching treatments significantly improved the WUE and PUE of summer maize and winter wheat. In the growing period of summer maize, WUE  and PUE were increased by 33.05% and 26.65%, and the winter wheat were increased by 12.68% and 20.00% respectively. In addition, gravel mulching treatments, compared with CK, could significantly increase economic yields and biomass yields. In the growing period of summer maize, economic yields and biomass yields were increased by 4.45%~26.66% and 5.81%~25.78%,the winter wheat were increased by 2.06%~15.34% and 2.32%~26.49%, respectively.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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