胡萝卜收获机根茎分离装置设计与试验
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国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFA71130)、河南省产学研合作项目(132107000051)和河南省自然科学基金项目(132300410152)


Design and Experiment of Stems Cutting Device for Carrot Harvester
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    摘要:

    为了提高胡萝卜收获机的作业质量,在统计分析主要胡萝卜品种物理特性参数的基础上,设计了一种由平板式齐平器、水平夹持输送机构、双圆盘式切秧机构和上水平夹持输送机构等组成的根茎分离装置。利用解析作图法对双圆盘式切秧机构进行受力和运动分析,得出了茎秆顺利切割满足的力学关系;结合作业速度分析,确定了圆盘刀的转速范围为312~325r/min;以胡萝卜收获农艺要求及低能耗为目标,通过理论计算得出了圆盘刀的各关键结构和工作参数。设计了两种结构形式的圆盘刀,选取切净率和肉质根损伤率为试验指标,进行对比田间试验,结果表明:在转速315r/min时,刃角型普通圆盘刀与锯齿状圆盘刀根茎分离效果近似,切秧率均超过90%,肉质根损伤率低于2%。考虑经济性,采用刃角型普通圆盘刀加装根茎分离装置,进行了整机田间试验,结果表明:在机器前进速度1.34m/s时,胡萝卜收净率98.3%、切秧率90.6%、肉质根损伤率1.8%、总损失率3.5%,符合胡萝卜收获的技术指标要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the work quality of carrot harvester, roots and stems cutting device of carrot was designed based on statistical analysis of physical parameters of carrot. This device consists of leveler, gripping delivery mechanism, double disc blade cutting device and upper gripping delivery mechanism. Force analysis of double disc blade cutting device was done by the means of graphic analysis, the request of stems being cut was obtained by the experiment; rotate speed of disc blade was determined at 312~325r/min by analyzing the operation velocity. The working parameters of disc blade were calculated according to the agricultural requirements and the objective of low energy consumption. Two kinds of blades were designed, and cutting rate and root damage rate were chosen as the experiment indicators. The contrast test was done and the result showed that operation performance of the ordinary disc blade and blade with serrated edge was approximate. Both of above blade’s cutting rates were more than 90%, and the root damage rate was less than 2%. Taking the economy into consideration, field experiment was done with the ordinary blade, the result showed that when the device worked at the speed of 1.34m/s, the net rate was 98.3%, cutting rate was 90.6%, root damage rate was 1.8% and the total losing rate was 3.5% which met the requirement of carrot harvester.

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金鑫,杜新武,王世光,姬江涛,董祥,王东洋.胡萝卜收获机根茎分离装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):82-89.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-11
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-03-10
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