膜下滴灌施肥番茄水肥供应量的优化研究
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国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100504)、延安大学博士启动基金项目(205040119)和中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M572659XB)


Optimal Amount of Irrigation and Fertilization under Drip Fertigation for Tomato
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    摘要:

    为揭示膜下滴灌施肥番茄对不同灌水量和施肥量的响应,基于2012—2013年田间随机分块试验,采用Tukey HSD方差分析方法研究了不同水肥供应对番茄生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响,进一步采用多元回归分析确定温室番茄田间管理推荐的灌水量和施肥量。结果表明,在2012年,移植后23d,灌水量和施肥量对番茄株高影响极显著,水肥交互作用对番茄株高影响显著;在整个生育期,番茄茎粗与施肥量差异显著;不同灌水处理之间平均叶片扩展速率无显著性差异,叶片扩展速率对施肥处理的敏感性大于灌水处理;干物质积累量与施肥量和灌水量均正相关,施肥量对番茄干物质积累量影响显著,施肥对番茄干物质积累量的影响大于灌水;灌水和施肥对番茄产量影响显著,水肥交互作用对番茄产量影响极显著,在2012年,W1(100%ET0)处理的番茄平均产量最大,比W2(75%ET0)、W3(50%ET0)处理分别高5.99%和13.54%,番茄果数与产量呈正相关关系,单果质量与番茄产量无相关关系;灌水量对番茄水分利用效率的影响极显著,作物耗水量与灌水量正相关,与施肥量无显著性关系,施肥〖JP2〗对作物耗水有促进作用。根据2年田间试验结果,综合考虑番茄产量和水分利用效率,推荐番茄灌水量为151.12~207.76mm,施肥量为453.58~461.08kg/hm2,其中,氮肥用量为213.45~216.98kg/hm2,磷肥用量为106.72~108.49kg/hm2,钾肥用量为133.41~135.61kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 to determine the effects of irrigation and fertilization on tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., cv. ‘Jinpeng 10’) growth, yield and water use 〖JP3〗efficiency. Three levels of irrigation (W1: 100%ET0; W2: 75%ET0; W3: 50%ET0) and three fertilization〖JP〗 levels (F1: N 240-P2O5 120-K2O 150 kg/hm2; F2: N 180-P2O5 90-K2O 1125 kg/hm2; F3: N 120-P2O5 60-K2O 75 kg/hm2) were combined with three replications of fertigation. There was no significant effect factor on plant height and stem diameter of the interaction of irrigation and fertilization, but the stem diameter was significantly higher at W1F1 treatment, and there was a positive correlation between fertilization rate and stem diameter. The F2 treatment had the highest leaf extension rate, while the fertilization rate had significant effect on leaf extension rate, and the sensitivity of the fertilization was greater than that of the irrigation treatment. There was an important impact of the fertilization rate on dry matter accumulation, but the irrigation level did not follow this trend. The influence of fertilization on dry matter accumulation was greater than that of irrigation. The interaction of irrigation and fertilization had significant effect on root shoot ratio, and the F2 treatment had the highest average root shoot ratio compared with F1 and F3 treatments. The single factors of irrigation or fertilization significantly affected the tomato yield and water use efficiency, and the interaction of fertilization and irrigation had a great significant effect on the yield. The average tomato yield in W1 was 5.99%, 13.54% higher than those in W2, W3 treatments in 2012. Tomato fruit number was positively related to tomato yield, but the single fruit weight had no correlation with fruit yield. The crop water consumption was positively related to irrigation amount, and there was no significant trend between fertilization rate and crop water consumption, while fertilization rate had an obvious promoting effect on crop water consumption. According to the field experimental and comprehensive consideration of tomato yield and water use efficiency, the recommended irrigation amount was ranged from 151.12mm to 207.76 mm, and 〖JP2〗fertilization rate was ranged from 453.58kg/hm2 to 461.08 kg/hm2(upper limit: 〖JP3〗N 21345-P2O5 10672-K2O 133.41 kg/hm2; lower limit: N 21698-P2O5 10849-K2O 135.61 kg/hm2).

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王秀康,邢英英,张富仓.膜下滴灌施肥番茄水肥供应量的优化研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):141-150. Wang Xiukang, Xing Yingying, Zhang Fucang. Optimal Amount of Irrigation and Fertilization under Drip Fertigation for Tomato[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):141-150

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10