田间原位综合耕作试验台设计与应用
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国家自然科学基金项目(41371238)


Design and Application of Multipurpose Insitu Tillage Tool Testing Platform
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    摘要:

    土壤耕作试验台是开展耕作与种植机具性能试验的关键装备,通常采用室内土槽的形式,但室内重塑的土壤难以反映田间土壤固有的结构性和耕性。本文在前期工作的基础上具体阐述了田间原位综合耕作试验台原理,所设计的原位综合耕作试验台充分发挥室内土槽试验系统在控制精准、互换性强、测试对象及试验内容丰富等优势,为不同种类的牵引型与驱动型耕作部件的试验研究提供了专用的装备。试验台采用框架导轨的结构形式,整体吊装运输。在田间工作时4个立柱支撑在地面铺放的轨道上实现整体横向进位和纵向移动,兼顾长途运输、田间移位、以及在试验区测试过程精准定位的方便性。各种耕作部件都可挂接在多功能测试台车上完成测试,台车配有功能完备的传感器且设置动力驱动模块,提供驱动型耕作部件的驱动和信号测试功能。试验台的轨道提供测试台车的导向并通过电力拖动系统牵引测试台车,牵引速度在0~1m/s范围内可调。试验台的升降由4个立柱上端的同步电机驱动,满足旋耕、犁耕、开沟器等测试过程的刀具入土及耕深控制要求。立柱的整体升降配合测试台车上的螺杆调节装置可以实现最大80 cm的深度调节。试验台配备完备的供电及控制系统,提高了田间试验的电气化程度。经检验所设计的原位综合耕作试验台满足多因子多水平田间测试的要求,节约试验用地并提高了效率。

    Abstract:

    A key facility for tillage and seeding implements testing is the experimental soil tillage platform, which is generally constructed in the indoor soilbins. However, soil structure and workability of the field state soil is not attainable with laboratory remolding procedures. Based on the previous works, a multifunctional soil tillage testing platform for insitu experiment was developed, serving as a specialized experimental equipment for various types of tractive or propelled tillage tools. This platform inherited the benefits of indoor soil bin systems, e.g. precision control, high interchangeability, adaptable to multiple testing tools and experimental plans. Being designed in a structure of supported frame and rail systems, the whole platform can be hoisted and loaded on a track for transportation. The four supporting beams sat on rails laid on soil surface, facilitating transversal and longitudinal movement, maneuvering from one field to another, as well as positioning for precision control for testing and measurement. Different tillage tools can be hooked on a multipurpose testing cart, on which complete set of sensors and power supply unit were supplied for propelling the attached tools and data collection. Two guidings railed on the platform guided the multipurpose testing cart, which was tracked by an electric driving mechanism. The forwarding speed was adjustable in a range of 0~1m/s. The four synchronous electric motors situated on the four supporting beams facilitated overall elevating movement of the platform and adjusted the working depth of tillage tools. Total attainable vertical displacement from both the platform movement and the screw mechanism of the testing cart can be 80cm, satisfying different experimental demands. A complete electrical power and control system was designed, which highly improved the degree of electrification. Trial test in field showed that the developed system was suitable for insitu multifactor and multilevel experimental test.

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杨艳山,丁启朔,丁为民,薛金林,邱威,何瑞银.田间原位综合耕作试验台设计与应用[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):68-74.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-07-29
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10