周罕觅,张富仓,Roger Kjelgren,吴立峰,范军亮,向友珍.水肥耦合对苹果幼树产量、品质和水肥利用的效应[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):173-183.
Zhou Hanmi,Zhang Fucang,Roger Kjelgren,Wu Lifeng,Fan Junliang,Xiang Youzhen.Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield, Fruit Quality and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Young Apple Tree[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):173-183.
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水肥耦合对苹果幼树产量、品质和水肥利用的效应   [下载全文]
Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield, Fruit Quality and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Young Apple Tree   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2015-09-15  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.12.024
中文关键词:  苹果树  水肥耦合  产量  果实品质  水分利用效率  肥料偏生产力
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2011AA100504)和高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)资助项目(B12007)
作者单位
周罕觅 河南科技大学 
张富仓 西北农林科技大学 
Roger Kjelgren 犹他州立大学 
吴立峰 西北农林科技大学 
范军亮 西北农林科技大学 
向友珍 西北农林科技大学 
中文摘要:为探明半干旱地区苹果幼树水肥精准管理模式,研究了水肥耦合对3 a生苹果幼树生长、产量、品质及水肥利用的效应,试验设置4个灌水水平,其灌水上下限分别为田间持水率的75%~85%(W 1)、65%~75%(W 2)、55%~65%(W 3)、45%~55%(W 4);3个施肥水平(N-P 2O 5 -K 2O),即高肥:30-30-10 g/株(F 1)、中肥:20-20-10 g/株(F 2)、低肥:10-10-10 g/株(F 3)。结果表明:苹果幼树萌芽开花期至新梢生长期控水控肥可有效调控苹果幼树植株和叶面积的增长;苹果产量最高和最低的处理分别为F 1W 1和F 3W 4(F 1W 1 比F 3W 4增加139.1%),产量与干物质质量间相关关系的决定系数 R 2 为0.908 5,达到了极显著水平;增加灌水量提高了苹果着色指数却降低其果形指数,亏水处理和增加施肥量有利于提高苹果硬度;轻度亏缺(F 2)灌溉处理下,增加施肥量有利于提高苹果维生素C含量;灌水量对苹果可溶性固形物和可溶性糖影响不显著,但增加施肥量有利于提高苹果可溶性固形物和可溶性糖的含量;施肥量对苹果可滴定酸和糖酸比影响不显著,但增加灌水量可降低苹果可滴定酸含量,提高苹果糖酸比;高水低肥处理能够产生较高的肥料偏生产力(PFP);水分利用效率(WUE)最大值基本上出现在F 2W 2处理,与F 1W 1相比,虽然产量减小7.5%,但耗水量却减小16.7%,WUE增加11.2%,高水高肥的F 1W 1处理并不能得到最大的WUE,最大的WUE出现在F 2W 2处理。由此可见,F 2W 2处理是苹果幼树生长、产量、品质以及水肥利用效率方面的最佳水肥组合,达到了节水、节肥的最佳水肥耦合模式。
Zhou Hanmi  Zhang Fucang  Roger Kjelgren  Wu Lifeng  Fan Junliang  Xiang Youzhen
Henan University of Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Department of Plant Soils and Climate, Utah State University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University and Northwest A&F University
Key Words:Apple tree  Water and fertilizer coupling  Yield  Fruit quality  Water use efficiency  Partial factor productivity
Abstract:In order to explore the accurate management mode of water and fertilizer supplies for young apple tree in semi-arid area field, the bucket cultivation experiment, including four levels of irrigation as 75%~85% (W 1), 65%~75% (W 2), 55%~65% (W 3) and 45%~55% (W 4) of field capacity, and three levels of fertilization (N-P 2O 5 -K 2O) as 30-30-10 g/plant (F 1), 20-20-10 g/plant (F 2) and 10-10-10 g/plant (F 3), was conducted to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on yield, fruit quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency of three-year old young apple tree. The results showed that controlled water and fertilizer can effectively regulate the plant and leaf area growth during bud flowering to new growth period; the highest and lowest yields were obtained by F 1W 1 and F 3W 4 treatments, respectively (compared with F 3W 4, yield of F 1W 1 was increased by 139.1%), and the determination coefficient between yield and dry mass was 0.908 5. Increasing irrigation depth could improve apple color index but it would reduce the shape index, deficit irrigation and increased fertilizer application rates both could improve apple firmness. Increased fertilizer application rates could improve the vitamin C content of apple under mild deficit irrigation treatment (F 2); irrigation depth had no significant effect on soluble solids content and soluble sugar content, but increased fertilizer application rates could improve both of them; increased irrigation depth could reduce titratable acid and improve the sugar acid ratio, but fertilization rate had no significant effect on them. High irrigation depth and low fertilization rate could get high partial factor productivity (PFP), but the maximum water use efficiency (WUE) could not be got by F 1W 1 treatment. The maximum WUE was appeared in F 2W 2 treatment with yield decreased by 7.5%, water consumption decreased by 16.7% and WUE increased by 11.2% compared with F 1W 1 treatment. Thus, F 2W 2 treatment was the best water and fertilizer application combination for the young apple tree and it reached the best water and fertilizer coupling mode.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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