At present, acquisition of soil compaction for sowing line surface needs people to get into the field again after the operation of agricultural machinery, which is labor intensive, time consuming and belongs to non-real-time measurements. A soil compaction acquisition system for sowing line surface was designed based on ZigBee technology. A linear displacement transducer was used as measuring sensor to measure expansion amount of wheel spoke of press wheel in the system, and CC2530 was chosen as main control chip to realize module control and data wireless transmission. The main control chip CC2530 and the sensor were connected at child node to collect and store the measurement data of the sensor. The measured data of the sensor were sent to the main node. The main node received data from the child node and vehicle speed sensor, and the soil compaction measurement was realized based on mathematical model. The mathematical model was established based on the relationship between expansion amount of wheel spoke of press wheel and soil compaction to realize data acquisition of soil compaction. Field test was conducted to validate the system’s performance, which showed an average relative error of 6.3% and maximum relative error of 13.3%. The system can realize real-time acquisition and wireless transmission of soil compaction information for sowing line surface, which can provide technical support for real-time adjustment of pressure.