银敏华,李援农,谷晓博,周昌明,董丽利,张天乐.氮肥运筹对夏玉米氮素盈亏与利用的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):167-176.
Yin Minhua,Li Yuannong,Gu Xiaobo,Zhou Changming,Dong Lili,Zhang Tianle.Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrogen Surplus and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):167-176.
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氮肥运筹对夏玉米氮素盈亏与利用的影响   [下载全文]
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrogen Surplus and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2015-02-05  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.10.022
中文关键词:  夏玉米  氮肥运筹  临界氮浓度  氮素诊断  氮素利用效率
基金项目:公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201503105)和国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2011AA100504)
作者单位
银敏华 西北农林科技大学 
李援农 西北农林科技大学 
谷晓博 西北农林科技大学 
周昌明 西北农林科技大学 
董丽利 西北农林科技大学 
张天乐 西北农林科技大学 
中文摘要:基于2年田间试验,确立了尿素(纯氮0、80、160、240 kg/hm2,基追比为2〖DK〗∶3)和控释氮肥(纯氮0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm2,一次性基施)运筹下夏玉米临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型,据此构建氮素吸收模型、氮素营养指数模型和氮积累亏缺模型进行夏玉米氮素营养诊断,并比较不同氮肥运筹的氮素利用效率。结果表明,夏玉米临界氮浓度与地上部最大生物量间符合幂函数关系。利用独立试验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明该模型可靠性较高(相对误差为0.46%~4.08%)。氮素营养指数模型和氮积累亏缺模型可用于诊断植株氮素营养并定量调控氮肥管理。尿素和控释氮肥的适宜施氮范围分别为160~174 kg/hm2和120~150 kg/hm2。与尿素相比,控释氮肥的氮肥利用率显著提高,获得理论最高产量时,可节省氮肥用量约14%。
Yin Minhua  Li Yuannong  Gu Xiaobo  Zhou Changming  Dong Lili  Zhang Tianle
Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University and Northwest A&F University
Key Words:Summer maize  Nitrogen application rates  Critical nitrogen concentration  Nitrogen diagnosis  Nitrogen use efficiency
Abstract:In order to explore the applicability of critical nitrogen dilution curve and the feasibility of nitrogen surplus evaluation for summer maize in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, two nitrogen fertilizers: urea (N 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/hm2, 40% of N fertilizer applied as basic and 60% top dressed at bell stage) and controlled-release fertilizer (N 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2, all applied as basic fertilization) were chosen to determine critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve based on field experiments in 2013 and 2014. Models of nitrogen uptake, nitrogen nutrition index and accumulative nitrogen deficit were established to diagnose nitrogen nutrition status of maize plant according to the critical nitrogen concentration. In addition, nitrogen use efficiency was compared among different nitrogen application rates treatments. The results showed that a negative power function correlation between maximum aboveground dry matter and critical nitrogen concentration was existed. Calibrations (using the data series of 2014) indicated that these models had high reliability with relative error of 0.46%~4.08%. The nitrogen nutrition index model and the accumulative nitrogen deficit model could be used to diagnose plant nitrogen status effectively and regulate nitrogen fertilizer management quantitatively. The appropriate nitrogen application rate of urea and controlled-release fertilizer for maize growth was 160~174 kg/hm2 and 120~150 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with urea, controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase the nitrogen use efficiency and save nitrogen amount approximately by 14% for maximum yield (urea: 10.73 t/hm2; controlled-release fertilizer: 11.01 t/hm2).The investigation is beneficial to the dynamic and precise fertilization, nitrogen management optimization and effective utilization of resources both on theoretical and technical sides.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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