After the hydrolysis acidification of vinegar fermentation wastewater, the cultivation of Chlorella sp. and nutrients removal in different concentration hydrolyzates of vinegar fermentation wastewater were investigated in the vertical tubular photobioreactor. Results showed that after the hydrolysis acidification of vinegar fermentation wastewater, the removal rates of COD, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and total phosphorus (TP) were all decreased to some extent. The removal rates of COD and TP were 61.8% and 63.6%, respectively. The components of VFAs were changed significantly. When the volume fraction of hydrolyzate was more than 40%, the growth rate of Chlorella sp. was inhibited. When the volume fraction of hydrolyzate was between 10% and 30%, the growth rate of Chlorella sp. was good. The concentration of Chlorella sp. cell could achieve 6.6×107cells/mL. The growth curves of Chlorella sp. were no lag phase, after the addition of phosphate in the hydrolyzate of vinegar fermentation wastewater. After 7d cultivation, the ammonia and total phosphorus were almost completely removed. The 96.6% COD removal was achieved after addition of some phosphate. The oil content (24%) was observed using 30% volume fraction hydrolyzate of vinegar fermentation wastewater. The contents of fatty acids C16-C18 were between 83.0% and 95.5%, which had good potential for the development for biodiesel utilization.