In order to harvest sugarcane with machine in hilly area, a small whole stalk sugarcane harvester was designed. Virtual simulation test for cutting system was carried out using logistics simulation software FLEXSIM. The virtual test results showed that increasing the width of logistic channel and enhancing the transmission speed of the sugarcane had significant differences on avoiding blocking during sugarcane harvesting. When the width of logistic channel remained constant, enhancing the transmission speed of the sugarcane was particularly important. Then, the transmission process of the sugarcane was simulated using ADAMS software. The simulation results showed that increasing the friction coefficient between sugarcane and spiral, equipping aggressive knock down roller and adding more rubbers on the drum could increase the transmission speed of the sugarcane. Field test indicated that the feed ability was enhanced, and the times of sugarcane struck by base cutter and lifter were decreased. The cutting quality of sugarcane was improved, and the probability of blocking during sugarcane harvesting was reduced after taking the measures above. The time of sugarcane passing through the cutting system was shortened to 1.5 s from 2~3 s, and no damage rate of the base of sugarcane was increased from 17.8% to 57.9%.