叶顶形状对轴流泵空化性能的影响
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109093、51079063)、江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK2011503)、中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2012T50468)和江苏省333高层次人才培养工程资助项目


Effects of Blade Tip Shape on Cavitating Flow in Axial Flow Pumps
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    摘要:

    轴流泵叶轮与转轮室之间间隙内的泄漏流动与主流相互掺混形成的泄漏涡是导致轴流泵叶顶空化的重要原因。为研究合适的叶顶形状来控制和改善叶顶泄漏空化,通过高速摄影空化试验,比较了试验结果和数值计算结果,验证了本次数值计算的正确性。再在原始平面叶顶方案的基础上,通过数值计算,分别研究了3种叶顶形状(倒圆叶顶、斜切叶顶以及倒圆斜切叶顶)对轴流泵叶顶空化的影响。叶轮水体采用结构网格划分,以便精确捕捉间隙区域的流场特性。结果表明:倒圆叶顶和倒圆斜切叶顶方案的扬程和效率都有所下降,但斜切叶顶有所升高。虽然倒圆叶顶消除了角涡空化,但泄漏涡空化加剧;而斜切叶顶得到的结果却与之相反,且斜切叶顶的间隙内会有漩涡空化产生;相比之下,倒圆斜切叶顶的角涡空化和泄漏涡空化都得到了较好的控制。 根据研究结果,建议在满足外特性性能要求的情况下,采用倒圆斜切叶顶方案可以较好地控制轴流泵的叶顶空化。

    Abstract:

    Tip leakage vortex in axial flow pump mainly caused by the rolling of the main flow and leakage flow from the tip clearance between blade tip and end wall is the main cause of the tip leakage vortex cavitation and blade tip cavitation erosion. In order to find an appropriate tip shape to control and reduce TLV cavitation, experimental results, from high speed photography cavitation test, and numerical results were compared to validate the correctness of the simulation. Then on the basis of original plane tip shape, the cavitation performance of the other three tip shapes, rounding, chamfered, and rounding chamfered, were studied by simulation. Fluid domain was calculated by structural mesh so as to get fluid characteristic in tip clearance region, precisely. The results show that the rounding tip and rounding chamfered tip make head and efficiency decline while the chamfered tip makes them raise a little. Although the rounding tip eliminates the corner vortex cavitation, it makes TLV cavitation worse. The chamfered tip is in contrast to the rounding tip, and there is cavitation existing in clearance. The rounding chamfered tip does well in controlling corner vortex cavitation and TLV cavitation simultaneously, compared with the others. The study suggests the rounding chamfered tip scheme can be adopt to control the tip cavitation, if the cavitation performance is the primary factor.

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施卫东,吴苏青,张德胜,姚 捷,程 成.叶顶形状对轴流泵空化性能的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(9):101-106.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-08-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-09-10