In order to improve the utilization efficiency of mushroom cultivation waste, mushroom residue was used as raw material for fermentation to conduct anaerobic digestion experiments with wet fermentation of 7% TS mass fraction and dry fermentation of 16.5%～23.6% TS mass fraction. The results showed that the experimental groups at the ratio of 1∶0 and 2∶1 could gain better effect of gas production in wet fermentation, and the gas production rate were 301.25 mL/g and 300.60 mL/g respectively. The dry fermentation reaction could not be started at medium temperature of 35℃, the rate of inoculation less than 30% and the TS mass fraction higher than 19.1%. Under the TS mass fraction of 19.1% condition, the reaction could be started successfully and the highest gas production rate of 328.90 mL/g was got with high temperature of 55℃. The gas production rate was 112.40 mL/g at temperature of 45℃. The experimental results showed that mushroom residue had a high potential. The high temperature fermentation of 55℃ could avoid the acidification at dry fermentation, and the gas production rate was better than the rate of wet fermentation.