水氮量对层状包气带土壤氮素迁移累积的影响分析
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279204)和水利部公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201101051)


Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Irrigation Level on Soil Nitrogen Leaching and Accumulation in Deep Soil
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    摘要:

    采用田间小区试验,研究夏玉米/冬小麦轮作期间不同水氮处理对0~450cm土壤NO-3-N、NH+4-N和总N迁移累积的影响。结果表明,层状包气带土壤的质地和结构对水分、NO-3-N和总N在土层中的分布均有显著影响,而土壤结构只对NH+4-N有显著影响。不同水氮处理对土壤NO-3-N、NH+4-N和总N的直接影响深度分别为400、200和120cm,间接影响深度都为400 cm。单次灌水量52.5 mm、单次施氮量195 kg/hm2的处理土壤NO-3-N在0~250cm土层发生明显的迁移现象;而单次灌水量105 mm、单次施氮量大于等于130kg/hm2的处理在0~400 cm土层发生明显的迁移现象。对于“壤土-砂土-壤土” 结构的包气带土壤,土壤中NO-3-N、NH+4-N和总N质量比从大到小为:380~450 cm壤土土层、0~120 cm壤土土层、120~380 cm砂土土层、380~450 cm特殊的壤土土层对水分和氮素的迁移起到了阻碍作用。建议当地种植夏玉米/冬小麦期间,单次灌水量为52.5 mm、施氮量为65 kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Based on the field plot experiments of four chemical N application rates (0, 65, 130 and 195kg/hm2) and two irrigation levels (52.5 and 105 mm) applied to summer maize and winter wheat growing, the NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total nitrogen migration and accumulation in the first 450 cm depth of layered soils for each treatment were studied. The results showed that the soil texture and structure had a significant effect on soil moisture, NO-3-N and total nitrogen content and distribution in soil profile, and soil structure had a significant effect on soil NH+4-N content and distribution in soil profile. Fertilization and irrigation had different influence depth on soil NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total nitrogen, and the direct influence depth was 400, 200 and 120 cm, respectively, while the indirect influence depth was 400 cm for all. Soil NO-3-N in the treatments that irrigation level was 52.5 mm and nitrogen application rate was 195 kg/hm2, and irrigation level was 105 mm and nitrogen application rate greater than or equal to 130 kg/hm2 had obvious phenomenon of migration, and the migration depth was 250 and 400 cm, respectively. For the 0~450cm layered soils that had a loam, sandy soil and loam layer from top to bottom, the average soil NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total nitrogen content were all in the following descending order: 380~450cm loam layer, 0~120 cm loam layer, and 120~380 cm sandy soil layer. The special 380~450 cm loam layer blocked the migration of water and nitrogen. It was advised to use an irrigation level of 52.5 mm and nitrogen application rate of 65 kg/hm2 at a single time in growing summer maize and winter wheat in southeast agricultural region of Beijing.

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商放泽,杨培岭,任树梅.水氮量对层状包气带土壤氮素迁移累积的影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):112-121.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-10-14
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