The leaves anatomical structures of three broomcorn millet varieties were observed and analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their drought resistances were evaluated by ANOVA analysis, clustering analysis, correlation analysis and subordinate function. The results showed that broomcorn millet leaves had the xerophytic structure characteristics. The mesophyll cells were rectangular, and their long axis was perpendicular to blade surface; stomas distributed in up and down epidermis, stomas in down epidermis were sunken, and their density was larger than that in up epidermis. Moreover, the up and down epidermis had wax and epidermal hair. There were significant or extreme significant differences in 10 indices out of 18 selected indices and clustered into four groups. Through correlation analysis, mesophyll cell size, long cell length of up epidermis, stomata length of down epidermis and alveolar cells length were selected as the typical index of each group, respectively. According to the results of subordinate function, the sorting order of drought resistance from strong to weak was Longmi No.8, Neimi No.5 and Yumi No.3.