Comprehensively considering the construction features of the multi-temperature refrigerated truck and the externalsol-air temperature, vehicle speed, compartment seal and air flow characteristics between the frozen and refrigerated zone of the multi-temperature refrigerated compartment, the cooling mathematical models in the every temperature zones of the multi-temperature refrigerated truck was built up. A testing was conducted to verify the correctness of the mathematical model, and further the impact factors of the cooling performance were analyzed. The study results showed that: during the cooling process in refrigerated trucks, temperatures both in two temperature zones were decreased exponentially with time. Cooling time in both the two zones was increased when the cooling capacity was reduced or the respiratory heat of goods and the vehicle speed and thermal conductivity of the compartment insulation material were increased. Besides, the cooling time will increase in the frozen zone while the cooling time in the refrigerated zone would decrease if we enlarge the fan wind speed between the two zones or increase the wind outlet areas. If volume in the frozen zone was enlarged and volume in the refrigerated zone was decreased with the total volume unchanged, cooling time in the frozen zone would increase while the refrigerated zone keeps unchanged. The two cooling characteristics remained the same when the thickness of the insulation panels between the two temperature zones was changed.