The cellulose from wheat straw was pretreated with propionic acid, and the content of glucose at different reaction temperatures was determined. Based on the Saeman model, the kinetics data of cellulose hydrolysis and glucose degradation were calculated. The activation energy was 6.5086×104J/mol and 5.6223×104J/mol, respectively. The analysis results indicated that cellulose has a faster hydrolysis rate, and the glucose formed is easy to degrade. The optimum reaction conditions are 80℃ and 176min, and the content of glucose reached 8.89g/L. The adequacy of the model for predicting is verified effectively by the validation．