Considering the factors of direct solar radiation, sky diffuse radiation, ground reflected radiation, outdoor air temperature, and the vehicle speed, compartment outdoor wall surface temperature function with two-order harmonic Fourier series expression was used as a boundary conditions. The effect factors of time lag, decrement, and thermal stability upon four kinds typical refrigerated trucks insulation compartment were analyzed by using combined method of thermal theory analysis and experimental validation. The analysis results show that different compartments insulation materials will cause different of time lag and decrement coefficient which increases with the increasing of the thermal inertia index and heat resistance of compartment. Different driving directions and insulation materials will cause different compartment indoor wall surface temperatures accordance with the sinusoidal variation. The compartment indoor wall surface temperature change with time closes to the compartment inner air temperature. The thermal stability inside compartment is determined by thermal resistance and thermal inertia index of insulation material. The order from the best to the worst is VIP compartment, extruded polystyrene composite compartment, polyurethane thermal insulation compartment and polystyrene insulation composite compartment. 