The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between wheat yield and soil properties. The spatial relationship of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, potassium, iron and other 4 kinds of effective nutrients and 2001～2006 wheat yields were studied. The results showed that there were interactions among soil nutrients, maybe multicollinearity, so it was impossible to analyze the relationship of soil nutrients and wheat yield based on simple correlation. Based on partial least squares (PLS), the first two principal components could explain about 30% of the variance of the dependent variable, accounting for all the principal components could explain part of the 96%. For this test field, among nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, phosphorus was the most important factor to determine the yield. Among trace elements, Zn exerted the greatest impact on wheat yield. In conclusion, the model constructed by PLS could not only make a reasonable explanation for wheat yield and soil nutrients, but also instruct be useful for variable rate fertilization. 