Described herein are the principles for automatically arranging, and separating granules via an inclined turntable, the foundations of which have been established through the design and manufacture of a turntable-inclined scratch style photoelectric apparatus that can count granules or weigh up to 1000 of them. The unorganized granules enter an inclined trough and onto a turntable, the bottom of which automatically migrates, sorts and arranges the granules into space from each other, to get the reliable light-trough gaps, at which point a photoelectric apparatus accurately preset, counts and verifies the collection of granules. This type of instrument provides several advantages over other designs: the counting mechanism is extremely precise, for every round, the preset counting error is less than 1~2 granules, and the re-examination counting error rate is less than 0.04%; the counting speed is as high as 30~50 granules per second; the valid range of diameters is from 0.5 mm to 18mm; no seed damage was found during tests; the simple and reliable structure enables no electromagnetic vibration or noise; and the principles underlying the device have a wide range of potential applications beyond precise counting and sorting granules, especially for some devises with no-damage counting.