曲轴热锻中表层局部微米级裂纹产生机理
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(10872221、10272120)


Mechanism of Micron Dimension Crack Appeared on Surface Layer of Crankshaft during Forging
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    摘要:

    基于实验与数值模拟,从坯料体内部自由缺陷在坯料变形过程中发生移动的角度来分析某曲轴连杆轴颈分模面内侧及过渡圆角处的微米级裂纹产生机理。提出将连续的坯料体分为表层优质层和中心次优质层的包覆结构假设,建立了相应的数值模型,通过Deform 3D模拟出曲轴成形过程中这两层金属的流动与分布状态,获得了内部自由缺陷在锻件中的堆积趋势及原工艺下的成形速度场对优质层和次优质层流动的影响规律。结果表明:连杆轴颈分模面附近及过渡圆角处有中心次优质层金属分布并裸露在锻件表面,是自由缺陷富集的危险区;终锻成形过程中连杆轴颈横截面上金属的单方向流动加大了自由缺陷在危险区的聚集趋势。实验证明,出现的微米级裂纹是由从里层转移到表层的、化合物成分为MnS和MoS的夹杂物在锻件表层沿变形方向延伸而形成的一种发状纹。

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    Based on the experimental and numerical simulation, the mechanism of micron dimension crack of crankshaft appeared in the area of inner parting plan of rod journal and transition fillet was analyzed in the view of the billet inner freedom defects’ transition during the forging. The billet was divided into two layers, named the outer higher quality layer and inner lower quality layer, and the corresponding finite element model of billet was built. The flow and distribution of two layers metals during forging were simulated by Deform 3D and the trend of accumulate of inner defects was achieved as well as the influence law of forging velocity on two layers’ flowing. The results showed that the inner low quality metal was distributed in the area of inner parting plan of rod journal and transition fillet and exposed on forging surface, which was the dangerous area. The metal on the cross section of rod journal flowing only at a direction intensified the trend of defect accumulating in the dangerous area. According to the experiment results, the micron dimension crack was a kind of hairline crack. The inclusion which contained MnS and MoS and transited into the surface of forging from inside of billet was extended along with the forming direction.

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周杰,张光华,权国政.曲轴热锻中表层局部微米级裂纹产生机理[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(6):230-234.

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