Exploratory research on the optimization of transplanting mechanism, which is the key working component of the rice transplanter, three methods to establish the theoretical models have been proposed. In the process of building models, circuit simulation method is applied to solve the elastic dynamic problems which are caused by impact loads. As to the process of fetching seedlings which is difficult to build models by using theoretical deduction, firstly establish the numerical model by test measurement, then inlay this numerical model into the general theoretical model. The reliability of the general theoretical model is proved by measuring bearing force of transplanting mechanism in the testbed experiment. Through highspeed camera, the relation between the motion of seedlingpushing rod and the rotation angle of planet carrier can be measured, and this relation can prove the correctness of differential equations of seedlingpushing mechanism. A method that can solve the complicated multiple object optimization problems which are strong coupled, dizzy and nonlinear has been proposed. Its called the method of optimization guided by parameters modification. And the theoretical model of this method has been established. A software with functions of optimization, virtual manufacture, virtual trial and test has been compiled basing on VB platform. The function of parameters modification guiding optimization has been added to this software on the foundation of numeralization of the objective function.