In Shandong Province, water shortage is the most important problem for winter wheat production. Four planting patterns, i.e., uniform row, “20+40” wide-narrow row, “20+40” furrow planting, and “20+40” bed planting patterns which were widely used in Shandong Province were selected for the experiment to study the effect of planting patterns on water use efficiency (WUE) and marginal profits of winter wheat. The results indicated that the max yield of uniform row, wide-narrow row, furrow planting and bed planting were 7778.6, 7624.8, 8684.6 and 8893.7kg/hm2 respectively. But, if get the max yield, evapotranspiration of bed planting pattern was higher than that of furrow planting pattern by 76.6 mm. The max WUE of furrow planting was lower than those of uniform row and wide-narrow row planting, so did bed planting. But if get the max WUE yield and evapotranspiration of furrow planting pattern was 7858.8 kg/hm2 and 407.5mm respectively, they were all significantly higher than those of uniform row, wide-narrow row and bed planting patterns. Take the water resource use efficiency and marginal profits as a whole, furrow planting pattern irrigated at jointing and heating growth stages could get the highest netincome, under these conditions, yield was 8186.3kg/hm2, irrigation amount was 120mm, evapotranspiration was 423.5mm, and WUE was 19.3kg/(hm2?mm). The experiment showed that under water deficit, furrow planting was the most appropriate planting patterns in Shandong Province. 