There exist periodic order non-smooth structures like ridge and ditch in butterfly scales, small difference of which such as form, density, size, space, thickness, layer number, distribution style, can effect the different surface colors. The analysis on microstructure of butterfly scales is the theoretical foundation of stealth research on structural color of living creatures. From the macroscopical viewpoints and microcosmic ones of surface configuration and cross-section structure, the microstructure of scales were contrastively analyzed by electron microscope, the optimized model of distributing, configuration and structure of butterfly scales were built, and then two kinds of bionic models of butterfly scale’s microstructure were optimized and designed.