Laser shock peening is a technique similar to shot peening. Laser shock peening imparts compressive residual stresses in materials to improve the fatigue resistance. During a laser shock peening event, pressure well above the dynamic yield strength of the material is imparted on the target within a microsecond. The severity of the loading causes local plastic deformation, which ultimately results in the development of the favorable residual stresses. Finite element analysis technique was applied to predict the residual stress induced from laser shock peening. The comparison between the simulation and experimental results was carried out and the model was validated subsequently. The results showed that the numerical simulation on laser shock peening was effective for the crankshaft design and parameters optimization.