To improve the precise regulation of cold chain equipments, an experimental platform for phase change material （PCM） cold storage refrigerated trucks was established to investigate the effects of factors such as the number of cold storage plates, door opening frequency, ambient temperature, cargo load, and driving speed on the cold storage time. The experimental results showed that increasing PCM, reducing the door opening frequency, lowering the ambient temperature and driving speed, and reducing the cargo load all contributed to prolonging the cold storage time. Among these factors, the effect of the driving speed and the cargo load on the cold storage time was less than 5% impact on the cooling time, making them minor factors. When the mass of PCM was increased from 120 kg to 220 kg, the cold storage time was extended by 715 min;when the ambient temperature was increased by 14 ℃, the cold storage time was reduced by 135 min;opening the door 1 to 4 times shortened the cold storage time by 6.39% to 50%. To better quantify the influence of multiple factors on the cold storage time, a high-precision cooling capacity algorithm model with a relative error of less than 9% was developed based on theoretical derivation. Furthermore, a display module for residual cooling capacity and the cold storage time was developed by using this model, providing theoretical support for the formulation of control strategies for PCM cold storage refrigerated trucks.