基于气固耦合的脉冲集束式番茄授粉方法研究
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国家自然科学基金项目(32372010)和新长城科技小院助力计划项目


Pulse Cluster Tomato Pollination Method Based on Gas-Solid Coupling
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    摘要:

    温室空间密闭,需要辅助授粉才能保证番茄的坐果率与产量。物理辅助授粉方法绿色健康,坐果率高,是主要发展的授粉手段。针对现有物理辅助授粉方法存在的易造成茎秆损伤、作用范围大、振动效果差等问题,提出了一种脉冲集束式番茄授粉方法,并搭建相应授粉装置。通过 CFD 仿真得到单、双出口数下喷嘴流场的速度分布,以射程、流体喷射角为 评价指标,确定选取出口个数为2、单孔直径为1 mm的喷嘴方案。通过观察番茄花的开花期形态,并分析其在脉冲气流作 用下的摆动规律,基于气-固两相流数学模型,建立 CFD-DEM 耦合仿真模型模拟番茄花授粉过程。以气吹角度、气吹频率、气吹距离为试验因素,以有效粘附量为评价指标进行三因素三水平正交仿真试验。仿真结果表明,各因素对花粉有效粘附量的影响由大至小依次为气吹距离、气吹频率和气吹角度, 当气吹距离为182 mm、气吹频率为24 Hz、气吹角度为76° 时,花粉有效粘附量最大。同时,对仿真结果进行分析,得到在脉冲集束方法作用下番茄花的授粉过程。使用最优参数组合在温室中进行试验,仿真与试验结果相比,柱头花粉覆盖率最大误差为5.54%、平均误差为1.93%。授粉结束42 d后统计番茄果实情况,得到采用脉冲集束式授粉方法的番茄坐果率为 82.81%,单果质量为229.60 g,畸果率为 8.27%,效 果优于其他辅助授粉方法。结果表明,所建立的耦合仿真模型准确可靠,为脉冲集束授粉方法在智能装备中的应用提供了理论依据。同时验证采用此授粉方法可以提高番茄的坐果率与产量,满足温室番茄授粉的农艺要求。

    Abstract:

    The greenhouse space is closed, and auxiliary pollination is needed to ensure the fruit setting rate and yield of tomatoes. Physical assisted pollination methods are green and healthy, with high fruit setting rate, and are the main pollination methods developed. Aiming at the problems of the existing physical assisted pollination methods, such as easy stem damage, large range of action and poor vibration effect, a pulse cluster pollination method was proposed and the corresponding pollination device was built. Through CFD simulation, the velocity distribution of nozzle flow field with single and double outlet number was obtained. With the range and fluid injection angle as evaluation indexes, the nozzle scheme with two outlet number and1 mm diameter of single hole was determined. Based on the gas-solid two-phase flow model, a CFD-DEM coupled simulation model was established to simulate the pollination process of tomato by observing the flowering morphology of tomato flower and analyzing its oscillation rule under the action of pulsed air flow. The orthogonal simulation of three factors and three levels was carried out with air blowing angle, air blowing frequency and air blowing distance as test factors and effective adhesion as evaluation index. The simulation results showed that the effect of various factors on the effective adhesion of pollen was in the order of blowing distance, blowing frequency and blowing angle. When the blowing distance was 182 mm, the blowing frequency was 24 Hz and the blowing angle was 76 °, the effective adhesion of pollen was the highest. At the same time, the simulation results were analyzed, and the pollination process of tomato flower under the action of pulse cluster method was obtained. The optimal parameter combination was used to test in a greenhouse. Compared with the test results, the maximum error of stigma pollen coverage was 5.54% and the average error was1.93%. Six weeks after pollination, the results of tomato fruit statistics showed that the fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and abnormal fruit rate were 82.81%, 229.60 g and 8.27%, which were better than that of other auxiliary pollination methods. The results showed that the coupling simulation model established was accurate and reliable, and it can provide a theoretical basis for the application of pulse cluster pollination method in intelligent devices. At the same time, it was verified that the pollination method can improve the fruit setting rate and yield of tomato, and meet the agronomic requirements of tomato pollination in greenhouse.

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吴嘉鑫,张学敏,徐静,曾斌亮,李志远,王雅娟.基于气固耦合的脉冲集束式番茄授粉方法研究[J].农业机械学报,2024,55(s1):306-316. WU Jiaxin, ZHANG Xuemin, XU Jing, ZENG Binliang, LI Zhiyuan, WANG Yajuan. Pulse Cluster Tomato Pollination Method Based on Gas-Solid Coupling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s1):306-316.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-10
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