At present, the planting and production process of Polygonatum sibiricum is still dominated by manual operations, especially the manual operation mode of transplanting Polygonatum sibiricum has problems such as high work intensity, low efficiency, poor pass rate, and high seedling damage rate. In order to improve the mechanization level of transplanting of Polygonatum sibiricum, a transverse staggered transplanting machine was designed. The transplanting machine was mainly composed of conveying components, transmission electronic control components, ditching components, covering components, suppression components, ground wheel components, underframes, etc. Based on the agronomic requirements and morphological and mechanical characteristics parameters of transplanting root seedlings of Polygonatum sibiricum tuber, the conveying mode was designed as flexible belt conveying, and the structural parameters such as conveyor belt, seedling trough and furrow opener and the layout form of seedling trough were determined. The results of discrete element simulation showed that the combination of ditching depth and forward speed affected the effect and efficiency of transplanting operation, and the optimal operation parameter interval of response surface optimization was as follows：trenching depth was 85~110 mm, and forward speed was 0.3~0.5 km/h. The experimental prototype was designed and verified, and the average seedling injury rate was 0.52%, the average bud head orientation pass rate was 88.6%, the average plant spacing was（10.99±1.75）cm, the plant spacing variation coefficient was 15.93%, the average transplanting depth was（9.525±0.48）cm, and the transplanting depth variation coefficient was 5.04%. The test results showed that the structure design of the whole machine was reasonable, the operation effect was reliable and stable, and it met the agronomic requirements of transplanting root seedlings of Polygonatum sibiricum tuber.