垄作草莓双臂采摘机器人设计与试验
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浙江省自然科学基金重大项目(LD24E050006)和浙江省“三农九方”农业科技协作项目(2022SNJF017)


Design and Experiment of Picking Robot with Dual Arms for Ground Planting Strawberries
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    摘要:

    根据种植模式的不同,可将草莓分为垄作地栽和高架种植两种模式。相比于高架种植,垄作地栽种植成本较低,在国内占据较大的比例。为适应垄作草莓种植农艺,实现垄作草莓采摘,解决劳动力短缺、成本上升等一系列问题,本文研制了一台适用于垄作种植模式下的双臂草莓采摘机器人。该机器人能够在草莓地垄间行驶并自动识别成熟草莓,完成采 摘、收集。以Arduino Nano V3.0 开发板为主控制器,基于Ubuntu20.04 进行开发,以 NVIDIA 边缘计算平台Jetson Xavier NX 为核心,机器人的移动平台使用了高地隙四轮转向底盘,采用RealSense L515 作为检测识别草莓的传感器,通过YOLO v8- Pose网络获取草莓果实的目标检测框和关键点信息,结合关键点与点云处理实现对草莓果柄姿态获取和采摘点的定位;两套机械臂安装剪切-夹持一体式末端执行器,实现对草莓果柄的剪切与夹持。整个采摘系统由Arduino Nano V3.0开发板进行驱动,机械臂两侧均配有L515相机,通过相机的识别与捕捉,再通过串行总线将草莓果实的坐标数据传输给Jetson Xavier NX,驱动机械臂末端,实现草莓采摘。最后,在实地草莓大棚中进行采摘试验。试验结果表明,在果梗处无遮挡情 况下采摘成功率达到85.4%,存在部分遮挡时采摘成功率为75.5%,采摘单个草莓平均耗时为12.5 s,损伤率为18.5%。

    Abstract:

    According to different planting modes, strawberries can be divided into two types:ridge planting and elevated planting. Compared with elevated planting, ridge planting had lower costs and occupied a larger proportion in China. To adapt to the agricultural practices of planting strawberries in the field, strawberry picking in the field was achieved, and problems such as labor shortage and rising costs, a dual-arm strawberry picking robot suitabT for the field planting mode. This robot can travel between strawberry ridges and automatically recognize mature strawberries to complete picking and collection. The design used the Arduino Nano V3.0 development board as the main controller which was developed based on Ubuntu 20.04. With the NVIDIA edge computing platform Jetson Xavier NX as the core, the mobile platform of the robot usesd a four-wheel steering chassis with high clearance, the real sense L515 as the recognition device for mature strawberries, the target detection frame and key point information of strawberry fruits through YOLO v8-Pose network was obtained, and the acquisition of strawberry handle posture and the positioning of picking points in combination with key points and point cloud processing. Two sets of robotic arms were installed with integrated end effectors for cutting and clamping strawberry stalks. The entire picking system was driven by the Arduino Nano V3.0 development board, and both sides of the robotic arm were equipped with L515 cameras. Through the recognition and capture of the cameras, the coordinate data of the strawberry fruit was transmitted to Jetson Xavier NX through a serial bus to drive the end of the robotic arm and achieve strawberry picking. Finally, a picking experiment was conducted in a strawberry orchard on site. The experimental results showed that the success rate of picking without obstruction at the stem was 85.4%, and the success rate with partial obstruction was 75.5%. The average time for picking a strawberry was12.5 s, and the damage rate was18.5%.

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董乃深,程泓超,应仇凯,马锃宏,杜小强.垄作草莓双臂采摘机器人设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2024,55(s1):29-40,50. DONG Naishen, CHENG Hongchao, YING Qiukai, MA Zenghong, DU Xiaoqiang. Design and Experiment of Picking Robot with Dual Arms for Ground Planting Strawberries[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s1):29-40,50.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-10
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