During rapeseed direct seeding operation in rice-rapeseed rotation area of mid-lower Yangtze River, because the soil is sticky and hardened, the stubble of the fore crop of rice on the surface is high, and the large amount of straw is retained, which leads to the production problems of easy winding of rotary tillage part, low straw burying rate, easy hanging of grass and blockage of deep fertilization shovel, difficult to realize deep fertilization operation, a burying stubble and anti-blocking deep fertilization composite operation device for rapeseed direct planting was developed to adapt high stubble and heavy soil rice stubble field. The structural parameters of the deep rotary curved blade, the shallow rotary curved blade, and anti-blocking straight rotary blade of the burying stubble and anti-blocking blade roller, and the deep fertilization shovel were determined. Meanwhile, the arrangement and installation mode of the rotary blade and the deep fertilizing shovel were defined. EDEM simulation was used to analyze the straw burying and spatial distribution, the distribution depth after deep application of granular fertilizer, and the mixing results of soil particles in the plough layer soil after machine operation. The test results showed that when the working speed was 2.5km/h, the tillage depth was 150mm, and the burying stubble and anti-blocking blade roller rotating speed was 345r/min, the straw burying rate was 86.53% and the fertilization depth was 83~106mm. The validation test of four field working conditions of the rotary tillage and deep fertilization device was carried out. The field test results showed that the deep fertilization part had good anti-blockage performance in the field. When the rotary tillage and deep fertilization device operated on the sticky surface with high stubble, the fertilization depth was 87.4~109.5mm, the straw burying rate was 86.69%~90.35%, and the uniformity of the ridge was 16.48~22.65mm, the broken rate of soil was 81.24%~92.13%. which could meet the test requirements of fertilization depth and seedbed preparing during rapeseed direct seeding.