Due to the particularity of topography, farmland scale and land conditions in hilly and mountainous areas, there is a lack of scientific selection methods for wheat and corn harvesting machinery, especially the insufficient consideration of terrain conditions and safety, resulting in poor adaptability and passability of some harvesting machinery in hilly and mountainous areas and high loss rate. In order to improve the adaptability of wheat and corn harvesting machinery, reduce the loss rate of machinery, achieve safe, green and efficient production, and ensure the warehousing of grain particles, adhering to the basic principles of advanced application, light and efficient, green environmental protection, safety and comfort, based on the theory of agricultural machinery selection, through field research and expert consultation, Based on the combination of qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, combining theory with practice, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to construct the energy consumption, operation efficiency, operation effect and operation performance, comfort, security, and other six secondary index, totally 16 threelevel index of hilly wheat/corn harvest machine selection evaluation index system. According to the expert survey method and related research to determine the weight of the evaluation index. Based on field experiment and field investigation, six wheat harvesters, including J-2.5 (Ⅰ), L-3.5 (Ⅱ), W-4.0 (Ⅲ), S-4C (Ⅳ), A-5.0ZA (Ⅴ), W-6.0EA (Ⅵ), were evaluated and verified. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation values of six wheat harvesters were 0.71, 0.43, 0.50, 0.73, 0.45 and 0.39, respectively, and the order of effectiveness was Ⅳ,Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ. Evaluation results accorded with the actual use of farmers, showed that the evaluation index system of science and applicability in hilly and mountainous Southwest China was good, for the relevant management departments and farmers to provide a scientific basis for wheat harvest machine type selection, retrofit for farm machinery scientific research units, production enterprises, to create suitable for hilly wheat corn harvest machine to provide the reference.