竹筱歆,吕伊宁,于晶,李季成.马铃薯全垄仿形式茎叶切碎刀辊设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2022,53(6):140-150.
ZHU Xiaoxin,LÜ Yining,YU Jing,LI Jicheng.Design and Experiment of Potato Full Ridge Imitation Stem and Leaf Chopping Knife Roller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(6):140-150.
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马铃薯全垄仿形式茎叶切碎刀辊设计与试验   [下载全文]
Design and Experiment of Potato Full Ridge Imitation Stem and Leaf Chopping Knife Roller   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2022-03-28  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2022.06.014
中文关键词:  马铃薯  茎叶切碎刀辊  全垄仿形  设计  试验
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位科学家专项(CARS-09)、黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系项目和2021年东北农业大学大学生SIPT计划项目
作者单位
竹筱歆 东北农业大学 
吕伊宁 东北农业大学 
于晶 东北农业大学 
李季成 东北农业大学 
中文摘要:针对现有马铃薯茎叶切碎机作业茎秆打碎长度合格率低、带薯率高、工作效率低等问题,设计了一种全垄仿形式茎叶切碎刀辊,对刀具工作过程进行分析,建立刀具运动、刀具-茎秆碰撞和茎秆捡拾数学模型,明确影响装置工作性能主要参数,完成全垄仿形式茎叶切碎刀辊总体结构与茎叶切碎刀具设计。采用三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验方法,以作业速度、刀辊转速、刀辊离地距离为试验因素,打碎长度合格率、带薯率为评价指标,应用Design-Expert 8.0.6.1软件进行试验数据处理与参数组合优化,结果表明,各因素对打碎长度合格率均具有显著性影响,影响由大到小依次为刀辊转速、作业速度、刀辊离地距离;各因素对带薯率均具有显著性影响,影响由大到小依次为刀辊离地距离、刀辊转速、作业速度。在刀辊转速为1450r/min、作业速度为3.5~6.7km/h、刀辊离地距离为285~317mm时,打碎长度合格率大于90%,带薯率小于等于0.3%。本研究结果为马铃薯茎叶切碎机具作业质量和效率提升提供了设计理论与技术支持。
ZHU Xiaoxin  Lü Yining  YU Jing  LI Jicheng
Northeast Agricultural University
Key Words:potato  stem and leaf chopping knife roller  full ridge profiling  design  experiment
Abstract:Potato harvest mechanization is the weakest link in the whole mechanized production of potato, in which stem and leaf chopping is an important part of potato mechanized harvest. Stem and leaf chopping has the advantages of accelerating the separation of potato seedlings and tubers, promoting potato epidermal hardening, reducing disease transmission, reducing epidermal damage and missing harvest during excavation, which can effectively reduce the loss rate of mechanical harvest per unit area. At the same time, potato stem and leaf crushing can effectively avoid potato seedling winding operation machinery, reduce the working load of harvester, improve the reliability of machinery, improve the operation speed of harvesting machinery and increase soil fertility. Aiming at the problems of low qualified rate of breaking length, high potato carrying rate and slow working speed of the active potato stem and leaf chopper, a full ridge imitation form of stem and leaf chopping knife roller was designed, the working process of the cutter was analyzed, the mathematical models of cutter movement, cutter stalk collision and stalk picking were established, and the main parameters and value range affecting the working performance of the device were determined, and the overall structure of the full ridge imitation and the design of stem and leaf chopping knife roll were completed. Using the three factor five level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test method, the field test was carried out with the operation speed, knife roller speed and the height of knife roller from the ground as the test factors, and the qualified rate of broken length and potato belt rate as the evaluation indexes. The test data processing and parameter combination optimization were carried out with the software Design-Expert 8.0.6.1. The results showed that all factors had a significant impact on the qualified rate of broken length. The primary and secondary relationships from large to small were the rotation speed of knife roller, operation speed and the height of knife roller from the ground. Each factor had a significant impact on the potato carrying rate, and the primary and secondary relationships from large to small were the height of knife roller from the ground, the rotation speed of knife roller and the operation speed. When the rotating speed of the knife roller was 1450r/min, the operating speed was 3.5~6.7km/h and the distance from the knife roller to the ground was 285~317mm, the qualified rate of breaking length was more than 90% and the potato carrying rate was no more than 0.3%. The research results can provide design theory and feasible technical support for improving the operation quality and efficiency of potato stem and leaf chopping machine.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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