To solve the problem of recycling surplus straw in a lightened and simplified way and promote its resource utilization, as well as using crop straw to increase crop yield and benefit and protect arable land in main producing areas of wheat-maize-soybean in China, a straw proportion recovery device was designed based on principle of lateral straw clearing and covering of no-tillage precision planter applied in original stubble field. Using the mechanical energy of the lateral casting of straw by no-tillage planter to efficiently clean and recycle the excess straw. The straw lateral throwing movement rule was proven by applying high-speed camera technology, the key structure and operation parameters influencing performance of device and their value range were determined by theoretical analysis. Three factors five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotary center combination experiment method was applied to carry out parameters combination optimization experiment with operation speed, drum rotating speed and spring-tooth deviation angle as experimental factors, and straw recycling rate and impurity content as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on straw recovery ratio was working speed, spring tooth deviation angle and drum speed, and the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on impurity ratio was spring tooth deviation angle, working speed and drum speed. When operation speed was 5.4~7.2km/h, drum rotation speed was 95r/min, and spring-tooth deviation angle was 49°, straw recycling rate was more than 94% and impurity content was less than 5%. The results provided theoretical and technical support for the development of the simultaneous proportional recovery compound machine for notillage seeding and straw mulching.