Due to the lack of research on loading mechanism, preventing blockage, and optimization methods for self-propelled TMR preparation mixer, a theoretical model of loading operations was established. The key factors, such as reclaiming width, rotation radius of cutter, installation pitch of cutter, distribution of cutter, rotation speed of feeding drum, feed rate of each blade, material ejection speed, incident angle of particle and size of the conveyor belt were designed and calculated. In order to measure the relationship between the cutting edge length of blade and the reclaiming width, a concept of the length ratio of cutting edge C was proposed, and C was taken as 1.25. EDEM was used to simulate the key factors such as the feed speed and the rotation speed to reclaim silage. The analysis showed that due to the large gap between the spiral blade and the shield, the material was rotated at a high speed with the cutter and the drum, and the reflux ratio was high. With the increase of feed speed, the reclaiming efficiency was increased, but the reflux ratio was increased at the same time. When the feed speed was 4m/min, the reflux ratio was up to 50.05%, which would cause excessive cutting of silage and large energy consumption. With the increase of rotation speed, the efficiency was increased and the reflux ratio was decreased, but the driving torque was increased greatly when the rotation speed exceeded 230r/min. Therefore, a medium feed speed and rotation speed should be adopted.By increasing the installation pitch of cutter, the diversion angle of the back of drum shield and the incident angle of the particle, the reclaiming efficiency can be improved and the reflux rate can be reduced. When the feed speed was 2.5m/min, the rotation speed was 230r/min, conclusions of simulation and experiment of the optimized device were basically the same. Simulation analysis showed that the power consumption was reduced by 64%, no blockage and engine stalling occurred during the test. The reclaiming width was 2000mm, the reclaiming height was 5050mm, the reclaiming efficiency was 75.02m3/h, and the reflux rate was 28.95%.