秦子元,张忠学,孙迪,宋健,张作合,李铁成.水氮耦合对黑土稻作产量与氮素吸收利用的影响[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(12):324-335,357.
QIN Ziyuan,ZHANG Zhongxue,SUN Di,SONG Jian,ZHANG Zuohe,LI Tiecheng.Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Black Soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):324-335,357.
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水氮耦合对黑土稻作产量与氮素吸收利用的影响   [下载全文]
Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Black Soil   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2021-08-17  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2021.12.034
中文关键词:  水稻  黑土区  水氮耦合  产量  氮素吸收利用
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079028、51779046)
作者单位
秦子元 东北农业大学 
张忠学 东北农业大学 
孙迪 东北农业大学 
宋健 东北农业大学 
张作合 绥化学院 
李铁成 东北农业大学 
中文摘要:为探明不同水氮耦合模式下黑土区水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的规律,设置常规淹灌(F)、浅湿灌溉(W)和控制灌溉(C)3种灌溉模式,0、85、110、135kg/hm2(N0、N1、N2、N3)4个施氮量水平,共12个处理,研究不同水氮耦合模式对水稻干物质、产量、氮素吸收转运、水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉模式下,水稻地上部各器官干物质累积量随施氮量的增加而增大,而控制灌溉模式随施氮量的增加先增大后减小;水稻地上部不同器官氮素累积量随施氮量的增加而增大,相同施氮水平,控制灌溉模式的叶、茎鞘和穗氮素累积量较常规淹灌提高了27.80%~43.42%、18.32%~24.97%、13.85%~24.25%,较浅湿灌溉提高了0.96%~13.18%、10.73%~12.86%、10.53%~12.61%;3种灌溉模式下,水稻地上部干物质、氮素累积速率均随施氮量的增加而增大,且控制灌溉模式高于浅湿灌溉和常规淹灌模式,干物质、氮素累积始盛期随施氮量增加而提前;水稻植株平均氮素累积速率达到峰值时间比平均干物质累积速率达到峰值时间提前11.39d;相较于常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉模式,控制灌溉模式更有利于提高水稻产量,其中CN2处理产量最大,为10272.57kg/hm2;控制灌溉模式显著提升氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力;相同灌溉模式下,叶、茎鞘氮素转运率以及穗部氮素转运贡献率随施氮量增加而减小。水稻产量与灌溉水分利用效率、水分生产效率、氮肥农学利用效率、百千克籽粒吸氮量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与氮素籽粒生产效率之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。适宜水氮耦合模式可提高水稻产量和氮素吸收利用,综合考虑CN2处理为最佳水氮耦合模式。
QIN Ziyuan  ZHANG Zhongxue  SUN Di  SONG Jian  ZHANG Zuohe  LI Tiecheng
Northeast Agricultural University;Suihua University
Key Words:rice  black soil area  water and nitrogen coupling  yield  nitrogen absorption and utilization
Abstract:In order to find out the effects of different water and nitrogen coupling models on rice yield formation and nitrogen absorption and utilization in black soil area, three irrigation models, i.e., conventional flooded irrigation (F), shallow wet irrigation (W) and controlled irrigation (C), and four nitrogen application levels, i.e., 0kg/hm2, 85kg/hm2, 110kg/hm2 and 135kg/hm2(N0, N1, N2, N3), were set up in the experiment. The effects of different water and nitrogen coupling models on dry matter, yield, nitrogen uptake and transport, water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied. The results showed that under conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, dry matter accumulation was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while under controlled irrigation, dry matter accumulation was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen accumulation in different organs of rice shoot was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the same nitrogen application level, the nitrogen accumulation in leaves, stem sheaths, and panicle of the controlled irrigation mode was increased by 27.80%~43.42%, 18.32%~24.97% and 13.85%~24.25% compared with conventional flooded irrigation, which was increased by 0.96%~13.18%, 10.73%~12.86% and 10.53%~12.61% compared with shallow wet irrigation. Under the three irrigation modes, the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation rates of rice shoot were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the controlled irrigation mode was higher than shallow wet irrigation and conventional flooded irrigation mode, and the initial peak of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation was advanced with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The peak time of the average nitrogen accumulation rate was 11.39d earlier than that of the average dry matter accumulation rate. Compared with conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, controlled irrigation was more beneficial to increase rice yield, and CN2 treatment had the highest yield, which was 10272.57kg/hm2. The controlled irrigation model significantly improved the agronomic N use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N. Under the same irrigation mode, the nitrogen transport rate in leaves and stem sheaths and the contribution rate of nitrogen transport in panicle were decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. There were significant positive correlations between rice yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic N use efficiency and 100kg grain nitrogen uptake(P<0.01), and it was negatively correlated with grain production efficiency of nitrogen (P<0.01). Appropriate water and nitrogen coupling mode can increase rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization. Comprehensive consideration of CN2 treatment was the best water and nitrogen coupling mode.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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