The analysis of spatial differentiation pattern of quality of cultivated land is of practical significance in improving the effectiveness of cultivated land protection. Taking 2794 administrative villages in Jinzhong City as a research unit, the 2017 evaluation results of quality of cultivated land in Jinzhong City was used, and means such as cumulative distribution function, spatial autocorrelation, geographic detector and GIS fractional analysis were adopted to analyze the features of spatial differentiation pattern of cultivated land in Jinzhong City, the influence of 16 factors on quality of cultivated land as well as their interaction. It was concluded that the distribution of cultivated land presented “gradient decline”, which meant that the area of cultivated land in Jinzhong City was decreased from the western plain to the eastern mountainous region; the quality of cultivated land in Jinzhong City tended to aggregate in the low-value range, and it showed significant positive correlation aggregation in space, in which the HH type of cultivated land were mainly distributed in the north and west of Jinzhong City, while the LL type were mainly distributed in the southeast and southwest. The aggregation type kept spatial consistency with the distribution of national economic index value. The spatial differentiation pattern of quality of cultivated land was closely related to the influencing factors, which was a result of interaction of multi-factors. In the whole region, natural factors may greatly contribute to the spatial variation of quality of cultivated land in Jinzhong City. The driving force of twofactor interaction was stronger than that of single-factor interaction, and the type of interaction was mainly of nonlinear enhancement. In consideration of the spatial variation features of quality of cultivated land, Jinzhong City was divided into three areas: the high-quality area, the mid-quality area and the low-quality area. For the high-quality area, the main factors were the thickness of effective soil layer as well as the field flatness, and it was driven by both natural factors and engineering factors. For the mid-quality area, the main factors were the thickness of effective soil layer, the agricultural machinery input and the irrigation guarantee rate, and it was driven by the combined factors. For the lowquality area, the main factors were landform, slope, field distance, irrigation guarantee rate and the field flatness, and it was driven by the combined factors.