Cavitation is a complex phenomenon, and the generation of shock waves is closely associated with cavitation compressibility. With the aim to explain the mechanism of cloud cavitation shedding and shock wave propagation, experiments were carried out in a cavitation tunnel. Pressure pulsation was recorded by pressure sensors and cavity structures were captured by high-speed cameras. The filter-based density correction (FBM-DCM) method was used to modify the shear stress transfer (SST) turbulence model. The unsteady cavitation feature was obtained by simulation. It was found that numerical calculation was highly consistent with the experiment results. Moreover, the shock wave formed by the collapse of the large cloud cavity and the pressure pulsation were captured. During the process of cavity structure evolution, the vorticity was relatively low and uniform in the area covered by attached cavity. It was unstable for the flow in the region filled with cavitation clouds. After the cavitation clouds were pulled away from the wall, they would be transported downstream pushed by the mainstream. When large-scale cavitation clouds collapsed to a minimum volume at the vast room behind the trailing edge of hydrofoil, they released pressure pulse of high amplitude. Overall, in the attached cavitation area, the pressure value was at a low level and rose when the shock wave arrived. When the water temperature was 33℃, the angle of attack was 12°and the cavitation number was 1.4, the propagation velocity of the shock wave between 46% and 32% of chord length was about 11.53m/s in the simulation, and it was similar to 11.31m/s obtained by experiment.