In order to solve the problems of serious soil backflow and poor ridge consistency after the potato field cultivator operation in the early stage of potato emergence in the sandy loam environment, a type of ploughshare potato field cultivator was designed, and its main structure and working principle were described. The structural parameters of the shaping device on the potato field cultivator were designed, and the main factors affecting the effect of potato field cultivation were determined by analyzing the soil particle dynamics through the physical properties of sandy loam soil. Using EDEM simulation test, the distance between the soil plow and the soil cultivator on the ploughshare potato field cultivator and the operating speed of the potato field cultivator were used as the experimental factors, the soil return amount and the fit of the ridge shape after the simulation operation were used as the evaluation index, and the second orthogonal rotation test was carried out. According to the simulation test results, the test factors were optimized and analyzed. The results showed that when the distance between the potato field cultivator plow and the soil cultivator was 600 mm, and the field cultivators operating speed was 1.3 m/s, the soil return amount was 12.3%, and the ridge shape was fitted. The degree was 0.024. Field experiments on the optimized data showed that the ploughshare potato field cultivator developed had soil return amount of 12.5%, soil ridge consistency of 98.3%, the soil disturbance coefficient was 67%, soil crushing rate of 94.7%, and soil cultivation height of 8.4 cm, the fuel consumption was 14.6 kg/hm2, which met the requirements of potato field cultivation.