In order to solve the orientation problem of Panax notoginseng seedling and realize mechanized transplanting, air suction directional transplanting device of Panax notoginseng seedling assisted by vibration was designed. The mechanism of seedling adsorption posture adjustment was clarified based on the stress analysis of adsorption state of seedlings and the process under the action of lifting force, the seedlings generated rotation torque to realize posture adjustment. The process of seedling adsorption attitude adjustment was analyzed and the feasibility of posture adjustment was verified by seedling adsorption through DEM-CFD gas solid two phase flow coupling simulation. And the results showed that when the angle between the main suction hole and the auxiliary positioning suction hole was 23° and the angle between the attitude adjustment and steering suction hole was 30°, the posture of those seedlings can be adjusted and positioned by the raising force produced by the pressure difference on them. To test the performance of directional transplanting device, the quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combination bench tests were carried out, with the negative pressure value of main suction hole, rotating speed of dynamic sucker and diameter of suction hole for attitude adjustment and steering as experimental factors, the directional qualified index and missing planting index as indicators. As the results shown, factors arranged in important order were as follows: diameter of suction hole for attitude adjustment and steering, rotating speed of dynamic sucker, negative pressure value of main suction hole. The diameter of suction hole for attitude adjustment and steering was 4.5mm, the negative pressure of main suction hole was 1.03～2.11kPa, the rotating speed of the dynamic sucker was 4.67～6.08r/min, the directional qualification index was 85.87%, the missing planting index was 6.33%, which satisfied the needs of transplanting of Panax notoginseng.