气吸式玉米排种器吸附姿态对投种性能的影响分析
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700703)、国家自然科学基金项目(51575515)和国家玉米产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02)


Effect of Seed Adsorption Posture of Corn Air-suction Metering Device on Seed Feeding Performance
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    摘要:

    为保证气吸式排种器高速作业状态下投种均匀一致,对玉米籽粒中占据比例较高且长、宽、厚变化较大的大扁形种子进行研究;通过理论分析探明,种子的吸附姿态影响投种稳定性,振动加剧导致投种均匀性不一致;采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真的方法分析了影响投种性能的关键因素——种子吸附姿态,发现不同排种盘角速度下平躺姿态为主要吸附姿态,平躺种子比例越高,合格指数越高,侧躺种子和竖直种子共同影响重播指数和漏播指数;分析了影响投种性能的关键因素——投种时机,研究发现,提早投种状态下种子的主要姿态为竖直和侧躺,正常投种状态下平躺种子占绝大部分,延时投种状态下侧躺种子所占比例较高,合格指数与正常投种比例的变化趋势一致,增大种子平躺姿态的比例可有效提高播种质量。进行了风压和角速度匹配试验,结果表明,排种器在较优作业速度8~12km/h范围内、风压在-4.5~-3kPa区间内,合格指数不低于93.4%,漏播指数不高于4.5%,重播指数不大于3.1%,并通过高速摄像慢速回放得出,种子姿态变化情况与仿真结果一致,从而验证了仿真模拟的准确性。

    Abstract:

    In order to ensure the uniformity of seed delivery under the condition of high-speed operation of the air-suction seed metering device, the big-flat seeds with high proportion and big change in length, width and thickness in corn seeds were studied. The influence of seed adsorption attitude on seed delivery stability was verified through theoretical analysis. Considering the vibration caused by the uneven road surface during the operation of the seeder, the uneven seed delivery caused by the increased vibration was verified as disagreement. Using the method of DEM-CFD coupling simulation, the key factors affecting the seeding performance were analyzed, and it was found that the main adsorption attitude was lying flat at different rotating speeds of seed tray;the higher the proportion of lying flat seeds was, the higher the qualified index was, and the side lying seeds and vertical seeds jointly affected the multiple index and the missing index. It was found that the flat seeds at different rotation speeds were the main adsorption attitude, and with the increase of rotation speed, the proportion of lying flat seeds was increased gradually in the range of 1.6~3.6rad/s. The proportion of big-flat seeds in the side lying posture was increased slightly with the increase of rotation speed of seed plate, and then decreased rapidly to the lowest point of 5%, and then began to increase sharply, when the rotation speed was 4.1rad/s, accounting for 18%. With the increase of rotation speed, the proportion of oblate seeds in vertical position was firstly decreased and then increased, the highest point was 10%. In the study of the influence of seed adsorption attitude on seed performance, it was found that the higher the proportion of flat seeds was, the higher the qualified index was, the higher the proportion of side seeds was, and the number of multiple index was also increased. The increase of vertical seed proportion would have an impact on missing seeding. It can be seen from the analysis of seeding area that increasing the proportion of normal seeding, reducing the proportion of early seeding and delayed seeding can effectively improve the qualified index, and the different adsorption attitude can affect the timing of seeding, thus affecting the quality of seeding. The best seeding effect was in the area with an angle of 15°~30° with the horizontal position. Finally, wind pressure and rotation tests were carried out in the experiment of speed matching, the single factor tests of speed and wind pressure were carried out respectively, and the range of operation parameters was obtained. Then, the verification tests of speed and wind pressure were carried out. The results showed that increasing the proportion of seeds lying on the ground can effectively improve the seeding quality.

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丁力,杨丽,张东兴,崔涛,张凯良,钟翔君.气吸式玉米排种器吸附姿态对投种性能的影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(7):40-50.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-07-10
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