Aiming at the problems of low shelling rate and high breakage rate in the process of shelling ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruits, a four-channel fully automatic shelling machine was designed. The shelling machine classified the Camellia oleifera fruit through four channels, so that the Camellia oleifera fruit within a certain size range entered the corresponding shelling drum. In the shelling drum, Camellia oleifera fruit was shelled through the comprehensive action of mutual impact with the shelling sleeve and collision, extrusion and rubbing between Camellia oleifera fruit. By selecting the ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruit as the research object, the shelling rate of Camellia oleifera fruit and the breakage rate of Camellia oleifera seeds were used as the evaluation indicators, and the feed amount of camellia oleifera fruit, the twisting rate of the shelling bar and the diameter of the shelling rod was the experimental factor. The L9 (34) orthogonal test, analysis of variance and weighted comprehensive scoring method were used to analyze the shelling effect of the ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruit shelling machine. The test result showed that the feeding amount of Camellia oleifera fruit was 1500kg/h, the twisting degree of the shelling rod was 30°, and the diameter of the shelling rod was 23mm, the shelling machine achieved the best shelling effect. The shelling machine was tested three times with the best combination of parameters, and the average value of the three tests was taken as the final shelling rate and breakage rate. After calculation and analysis, the shelling rate of the ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruit shelling machine was 98.85%, and the seed breakage rate was 3.24%, the test results showed that the four-channel fully automatic Camellia oleifera ripe fresh fruit shelling machine reached the expected design goal and can well complete the Camellia oleifera fruit shelling operation.