Taking 132 counties and districts in Shandong Province as the research units, the multi-function evaluation index system of cultivated land was established to evaluate the spatial-temporal differences of multi-function of cultivated land, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of the coupling effect of cultivated land function were analyzed by using coupling coordination degree model and the spatial autocorrelation model. The results showed that from 2005 to 2015, the spatial-temporal pattern changes of each single function of cultivated land in Shandong Province were obviously different, and the comprehensive function continued to grow, mainly at the median level. Agricultural production function and social security function had a strong role in promoting the growth of the comprehensive function of the cultivated land, while landscape pattern function and ecological environment function had relatively little impact on comprehensive function of the cultivated land. During the study period, the degree of multi-function coupling coordination of cultivated land was gradually increased from the antagonistic stage to the running-in stage with obvious regional differences. The level of coupling coordination degree in key areas of agricultural development was higher than that in key areas of economic development. The multi-function coupling coordination degree of cultivated land had high spatial aggregation, but the spatial correlation was gradually decreased. The significant H-H area and significant L-L area had strong aggregation, and the number of significant L-H area and significant H-L area was small and scattered with no obvious rule. The research results can provide basis for the regional differentiated management of cultivated land, the coordinated development of multi-functions of cultivated land, and the enhancement of the comprehensive functions of cultivated land.