The ground wheel provides power for the seeding unit when the planter is working. In the turning and transportation state of the field, the traction planter can adjust the ground wheel to separate the seeding unit from the seed bed. At the same time, the ground wheel is used as a walking wheel. The device cuts off the ground wheel power to stop seeding. The mechanical clutch device has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability and high reliability. Due to the large amount of dust during the planting season, traditional planters mostly use mechanical clutch devices, and they are mainly divided into two types: jaw type and friction type. But compared with the electronically controlled clutch device, the mechanical clutch device has a longer power switching stroke, resulting in a lag in power switching. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the existing research results and methods, a mechanical clutch device was designed based on Reuleaux polygon principle to solve the problems of long power switching stroke and large instantaneous impact load of traditional jaw clutch device. Through theoretical analysis, the key structure of the clutch device was designed, the response speed of the clutch device and the instantaneous impact load of power coupling were simulated and analyzed through virtual simulation technology. Using the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test method, the seeding unit was used as the carrier, the axial inclination angle, gear radius ratio and operating speed were taken as test factors, and the power engagement and cut-off lag distance as test evaluation indicators, which were related to the performance of the clutch device. Parameters were tested and optimized. The test results showed that for the power engagement lag distance Yl , the axial inclination angle had a significant impact on it (P<0.01), and the gear radius ratio and operating speed had a significant impact on it (0.01