张作为,李宏宇,付强,史海滨,刘德平.不同水分胁迫下的小麦/玉米间作群体响应机理研究[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(1):245-255.
ZHANG Zuowei,LI Hongyu,FU Qiang,SHI Haibin,LIU Deping.Response Mechanism of Wheat/Maize Intercropping System under Different Water Stresses[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1):245-255.
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不同水分胁迫下的小麦/玉米间作群体响应机理研究   [下载全文]
Response Mechanism of Wheat/Maize Intercropping System under Different Water Stresses   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2019-05-29  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.01.027
中文关键词:  间作群体  水分捕获当量比  水分相对竞争能力  根系质量密度分布  种间相对竞争能力
基金项目:黑龙江省博士后面上资助经费项目(LBH-Z17033)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(51539005)和东北农业大学青年才俊项目(19QC16)
作者单位
张作为 东北农业大学 
李宏宇 东北农业大学 
付强 东北农业大学 
史海滨 内蒙古农业大学 
刘德平 东北农业大学 
中文摘要:为探明不同水分胁迫下小麦/玉米间作群体响应机理,试验设置了1个充分灌水、3个不同水分胁迫程度间作处理及2个充分灌水单作对照处理。结果表明:共生期内,各间作处理间普遍存在小麦条带水分捕获当量比高于玉米条带的现象,随水分胁迫的加剧,此趋势愈加明显;随着生育期的推进,此趋势渐弱甚至出现反转,而带间的水分相对竞争能力则呈现逐渐下降的规律。在根系分布特征方面,充分灌溉下间作群体平均根系分布深度为17.15~17.24cm,其根质量密度的90.42%~90.77%分布于耕层内,其中小麦为87.49%~88.70%,玉米为92.63%~92.81%,而水分胁迫会显著影响间作群体根系的空间分布。在间作优势方面,要保持间作优势,每次灌水最少需满足80%左右的田间持水率,随水分胁迫程度的增加,间作群体土地当量比呈现先微升、后下降的规律,且间作玉米的偏土地当量比下降速率快于间作小麦。在种间相对竞争能力方面,表现出随水分胁迫的加剧,小麦相对于玉米先微升、后快速下降,并逐渐近于消失的趋势。间作群体的特殊性造成了两作物条带存在时间与空间上的土壤水分差异,进而导致灌溉水入渗速度及入渗总量的不同,而水分胁迫增大了这种趋势,这在一定程度上满足了灌溉水的最佳去处,从而提高了间作群体的水分利用效率,进而揭示了间作群体的节水增产机理。
ZHANG Zuowei  LI Hongyu  FU Qiang  SHI Haibin  LIU Deping
Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and Northeast Agricultural University
Key Words:intercropping system  water capture equivalent ratio  water relative competitiveness  root mass density distribution  relative competitive ability
Abstract:In order to find out the response mechanism of wheat/maize intercropping population under different water stresses, three intercropping treatments with sufficient water stress levels and two sufficient irrigation singles were used for the control treatment. The results showed that the water capture equivalent ratio of wheat strips was higher than that of corn strips in the intercropping period. With the increase of water stress, the trend became more and more obvious. With the growth of the growth period, the trend became weaker and even appeared reverse, while the relative competitiveness of water between the belts showed a gradual decline. In terms of root distribution characteristics, the average root distribution depth of the intercropped population under full irrigation was 17.15~17.24cm, and the root mass density was 90.42%~90.77% distributed in the plough layer, of which 87.49%~88.70% was wheat and 92.63%~92.81% was corn, and water stress can significantly affect the spatial distribution of intercropping population roots. In terms of intercropping advantages, it was necessary to have the intercropping advantage to satisfy the field water holding rate of at least 80% per water. With the increase of water stress degree, the land equivalent ratio of the intercropping group showed a slight increase and then declined, and the intercropping of corn was partial land. The rate of decline in equivalence ratio was faster than that of intercropped wheat. In terms of relative competition ability between species, it showed that with the increase of water stress, the wheat was decreased rapidly and gradually disappeared after it was slightly increased. In short, the particularity of the intercropping group caused the difference in soil moisture between the two crops in time and space, which in turn caused the difference in irrigation water infiltration rate and total infiltration, and water stress increased this trend, which was certain to the extent that the optimal location of irrigation water was satisfied, the water use efficiency of the intercropping group was improved, and the mechanism of water saving and yield increase of the intercropping group was revealed.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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