Fresh agricultural products are the necessities of people‘s life. Reliable and efficient supply chain operation and management are of great significance to guarantee the quality of fresh agricultural products, and neural network technology has been widely used in many aspects of supply chain management of fresh agricultural products with its unique advantages. Based on the recognition of neural network technology’s advantages in the fresh agricultural products’ supply chain management, the current research about neural network technology application in the field of fresh agricultural products supply chain management was systematically reviewed. It was found that neural network was mainly applied to the risk evaluation and prediction, performance evaluation, quality monitoring and control, shelf life prediction and supply chain traceability, etc. Furthermore, aiming at the demand for the future development of neural network and supply chain management, the research trend in this domain was proposed. Firstly, the level of green and sustainable development would be posed more importance in supply chain management of fresh agricultural products. Secondly, neural network would be developed in the direction of neural network optimization, combined network model and deep learning.