不同灌溉模式对水稻生长、水分和辐射利用效率的影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300105-2)


Effects of Different Irrigation Patterns on Growth, Water and Radiation Use Efficiency of Rice
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    摘要:

    为研究不同灌溉模式对寒地黑土水稻农艺性状、光合特性、水分利用效率以及辐射利用效率的影响,设置了控制灌溉、浅湿灌溉和全面淹灌3种灌溉模式,于2017—2018年在黑龙江省庆安灌溉试验站进行了试验。结果表明:两个生长季内,控制灌溉水稻各生育时期叶面积指数比全面淹灌分别增加了7.94%~23.67%和5%~14.47%,控制灌溉下地上部干物质量的积累量比全面淹灌增加了12.13%和7.98%,控制灌溉和浅湿灌溉的冠层光合有效辐射截获总量较全面淹灌分别增加了74.05、23.65μmol/(m2·s)和63.35、16.85μmol/(m2·s);除乳熟期外,其余生育期控制灌溉叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)显著高于浅湿灌溉与全面灌溉;3种灌溉模式下最大初始转换效率从分蘖期开始上升,拔节期和抽穗期达到最大值,在乳熟期开始下降,非光化学荧光淬灭系数、光化学荧光淬灭系数前期略有波动,在乳熟期迅速下降,光合电子传递速率从分蘖期到乳熟期逐渐下降。两个生长季内,控制灌溉下产量略高于全面淹灌,但灌溉用水量较全面灌溉分别减少了31.45%和31.67%,水分利用效率比全面淹灌提高了46.45%和46.20%,辐射利用效率分别较全面淹灌增加了1.042%和1.036%,表明控制灌溉为黑龙江省半湿润区最佳灌溉模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of different irrigation patterns on agronomic traits, photosynthetic traits, water use efficiency (WUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the experiments included control irrigation, wet irrigation and flood irrigation, which were carried out in Qing’an Irrigation Experimental Center in the semi-humid area of Heilongjiang Province from May to September in 2017 and 2018. During the two growing seasons, the results showed that compared with flood irrigation, the LAI under control irrigation was increased by 7.94%~23.67% (2017) and 5%~14.47% (2018), respectively. Compared with flood irrigation, the cumulative of IPAR under control irrigation and wet irrigation was increased by 74.05μmol/(m2·s), 23.65μmol/(m2·s) (2017) and 63.35μmol/(m2·s),16.85μmol/(m2·s) (2018), respectively. Meanwhile, compared with flood irrigation, the accumulation of dry matter under control irrigation was also increased by 12.13% (2017) and 7.98% (2018), respectively. During the rest of the milky stage, the SPAD value of the leaves under control irrigation was significantly higher than that under wet irrigation and flood irrigation. On the other hand, Fv/Fm under the three irrigation methods was increased from tillering stage, and decreased at milky stage after Fv/Fm reached the maximum value at jointing stage and heading stage. Values of qN and qP were fluctuated slightly at early three stage, and then decreased rapidly at milky stage. ETR showed a trend of decreasing at the beginning of tillering stage. The yield under control irrigation was slightly higher than that under flood irrigation. However, the irrigation water consumption under control irrigation was decreased by 31.45% (2017) and 31.67% (2018), respectively, and compared with the flood irrigation, the WUE under control irrigation was increased by 46.45% (2017) and 46.20% (2018), respectively. Additionally, compared with the flood irrigation, the RUE under control irrigation was increased by 1.042% (2017) and 1.036% (2018), respectively. It showed that the control irrigation was the best irrigation methods in the semi-humid area of Heilongjiang Province.

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孟翔燕,周凌云,张忠学,吴秋峰.不同灌溉模式对水稻生长、水分和辐射利用效率的影响[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(11):285-292. MENG Xiangyan, ZHOU Lingyun, ZHANG Zhongxue, WU Qiufeng. Effects of Different Irrigation Patterns on Growth, Water and Radiation Use Efficiency of Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(11):285-292.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-11-10
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