基于B样条曲线的智能叉车托盘拾取路径规划研究
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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0701002)、国家自然科学基金项目(51108194)、广东省基础研究及应用研究重大项目(2016KZDXM028)和广东省科技计划项目(2017B020206005)


Pallet Picking Path Planning of Intelligent Forklift Based on B-spline Curve
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    摘要:

    干果仓储中托盘摆放的位姿具有不确定性,应用路径规划技术可实现智能叉车托盘自主拾取,提高叉车在仓储作业中的灵活性。以具有非完整性约束特性的堆垛叉车为研究对象,提出基于三次均匀B样条曲线的托盘拾取路径规划方法。综合考虑最小转弯半径、首末端点约束、曲率连续等多约束条件,建立路径曲率最小化的目标函数,并通过Matlab优化工具箱求解待优化的曲线参数。仿真结果表明,针对不同位姿的托盘拾取场景,该方法能得到曲率连续、转向轮转角不超过叉车最大转角的可行路径。在仓库中进行路径规划及跟踪试验,试验表明,在前进距离为6500mm、托盘横向偏移距离1500mm、偏移角15°的场景下,终点横向偏移误差4.71cm,终点航向角误差为9.6×10-3rad,验证了算法的可行性。

    Abstract:

    In the structured operation environment, the application of warehouse automation equipment can greatly improve the operation efficiency. But in general, there is a lot of uncertainty in the warehouse. For example, the position and pose of the pallets in the warehouse have large uncertainty. Applying the RGB-D sensor and lidar sensor, the pallet pose and position can be estimated. After pallet recognition, forklift utilizing path planning technology can achieve picking up the pallet independently in dried fruit workspace, which improves the flexibility of the forklift. Taking the forklift with nonintegrity constraint characteristics as the research object, a pallet picking path planning method was proposed based on uniform cubic Bspline curve. Considering the multiple constraints in pallet picking process, such as minimum turning radius of the forklift, startpoint and endpoint constraints and the curvature continuity constraint, the objective function of path curvature minimization was established. The related curve parameters needed to be optimized were solved by the optimization toolbox in Matlab. The simulation results showed that for different pallet picking scenarios, the proposed method can obtain a feasible path with continuous curvature. The steering wheel angle of the planning path did not exceed the maximum of the forklift. In the warehouse, the path planning and tracking test were carried out. In the scenario where the driving distance was 6500mm, the lateral offset distance was 1500mm, and the angle offset was 15°, the results showed that at the end point of path, the transverse offset error of the path tracking was 4.71cm and the heading angle error was 9.6×10-3rad. The feasibility of the algorithm was verified, and it can be applied in similar large warehouse intelligent vehicles. The research can provide reference for the path planning of forklift in automated warehousing operation.

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吕恩利,林伟加,刘妍华,王飞仁,赵俊宏,吴鹏.基于B样条曲线的智能叉车托盘拾取路径规划研究[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(5):394-402. LV Enli, LIN Weijia, LIU Yanhua, WANG Feiren, ZHAO Junhong, WU Peng. Pallet Picking Path Planning of Intelligent Forklift Based on B-spline Curve[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(5):394-402.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-24
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-05-10