田璐,张敬晓,高建恩,董建国,汪有科.深层干化土壤水分恢复试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(4):255-262.
TIAN Lu,ZHANG Jingxiao,GAO Jian’en,DONG Jianguo,WANG Youke.Experiment on Dry Soil Water Restoration in Deep Layer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):255-262.
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深层干化土壤水分恢复试验研究   [下载全文]
Experiment on Dry Soil Water Restoration in Deep Layer   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2018-10-17  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2019.04.029
中文关键词:  黄土丘陵区  干化土壤  覆盖措施  土壤含水率  土壤水分恢复度
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504703)
作者单位
田璐 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 
张敬晓 河北水利电力学院 
高建恩 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
西北农林科技大学 
董建国 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
西北农林科技大学 
汪有科 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
西北农林科技大学 
中文摘要:为探索黄土丘陵区深层干化土壤在不同覆盖措施下的土壤水分恢复特征,在陕西省米脂县丘陵山地建造大型模拟干化土壤土柱,地表分别进行薄膜覆盖、石子覆盖、树枝覆盖、栽植枣树、刺槐及裸地6个处理,对2014—2017年土壤水分进行定位监测。数据分析结果表明:至试验期结束,薄膜覆盖、石子覆盖、树枝覆盖、裸地土壤水分恢复深度分别为1000、1000、700、480cm,薄膜覆盖、石子覆盖、树枝覆盖、裸地、枣树、刺槐0~1000cm深度范围内土壤储水量变化量分别为1211.4、853.4、662.5、523.2、17.8、-235.7mm,全年覆盖降雨贮存效率分别为63.4%、42.4%、29.4%、23.0%、-8.5%、-20.3%,4年生枣树耗水区域为0~300cm范围,刺槐耗水深度达1000cm,枣树年均蒸散量为586.4mm、刺槐年均蒸散量为666.5mm,是枣树的1.1倍。该研究结果对黄土区大面积干化土壤修复及合理选择人工栽植植物具有积极意义。
TIAN Lu  ZHANG Jingxiao  GAO Jian’en  DONG Jianguo  WANG Youke
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources;Northwest A&F University,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources;Northwest A&F University and Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources;Northwest A&F University
Key Words:loess hilly region  soil desiccation  coverage mulching  soil water content  soil water restoration degree
Abstract:In order to explore the soil water recovery under deep ground cover in the loess hilly region, a simulated soil column with depth of 1000cm and diameter of 80cm was constructed in the hilly hills of northern Shaanxi, and there were six treatments of surface: the film mulching was provided with 16 small holes with an asymmetric diameter of about 2mm for rainwater to enter and regularly updated every year;the stone mulching was uniform graveled with diameter from 2cm to 5cm, covering a thickness of 10cm;the branch mulching was cut jujube branches, the length was about 10cm, evenly covered after drying, the thickness was 10cm;bare land without any covered;planting jujube with a diameter of 1cm and height of 50cm, without any other covering measures, regularly removed weeds;planting locust with a diameter of 1cm and a height of 50cm, without any other covering measures, regularly removed weeds. Soil moisture content of sloping farmland was taken as reference. Analysis of the positioning monitoring data for 2014—2017 showed that at the end of the trial period, taking the average water content of sloping farmland as the recovery target, the film mulching, stone mulching, branch mulching and bare soil moisture recovery depth was 1000cm, 1000cm, 700cm and 480cm;taking the actual soil water content of sloping farmland as the recovery target, the film mulching and stone mulching soil moisture recovery depth was 1000cm, the branch mulching recovery depth was 740cm, and the bare land recovery depth was 440cm. From the degree of recovery, the results were consistent. The water storage capacities of film mulching, stone mulching, branch mulching, bare land, jujube tree and locust were increased by 1211.4mm, 853.4mm, 662.5mm, 523.2mm, 17.8mm and -235.7mm, respectively. The precipitation storage efficiency were 63.4%, 42.4%, 29.4%, 23.0%, -8.5% and -20.3%, respectively. The water consumption area of four years old jujube was ranged from 0cm to 300cm, its annual average evapotranspiration was 586.4mm, locust consumed water up to 1000cm, and its annual average evapotranspiration was 666.5mm, which was 1.1 times of jujube. The research result had positive significance for the large area dry soil restoration in the loess area and the rational selection of artificially planted plants.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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